Table2_m6A: An Emerging Role in Programmed Cell Death.DOCX

Programmed cell death is an active extinction process, including autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. m6A is a reversible RNA modification which undergoes methylation under the action of methylases (writers), and is demethylated under the action of demethylases (erasers). The RNA base site at which m6A is modified is recognized by specialized enzymes (readers) which regulate downstream RNA translation, decay, and stability. m6A affects many aspects of mRNA metabolism, and also plays an important role in promoting the maturation of miRNA, the translation and degradation of circRNA, and the stability of lncRNA. The regulatory factors including writers, erasers and readers promote or inhibit programmed cell death via up-regulating or down-regulating downstream targets in a m6A-dependent manner to participate in the process of disease. In this review, we summarize the functions of m6A with particular reference to its role in programmed cell death.

程序性细胞死亡（Programmed cell death）是一种主动的细胞消亡过程，涵盖自噬（autophagy）、铁死亡（ferroptosis）、焦亡（pyroptosis）、凋亡（apoptosis）以及坏死性凋亡（necroptosis）。N6-甲基腺嘌呤（m6A）是一种可逆的RNA修饰，可在甲基化酶（writers）的催化下发生甲基化，亦可在去甲基化酶（erasers）的作用下发生去甲基化。携带m6A修饰的RNA碱基位点可被特异性识别酶（readers）识别，进而调控下游RNA的翻译、降解与稳定性。m6A可影响信使RNA（mRNA）代谢的多个环节，同时在促进微小RNA（miRNA）成熟、调控环状RNA（circRNA）的翻译与降解以及维持长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）的稳定性方面发挥重要作用。包括写入因子、擦除因子与识别因子在内的调控因子，可通过m6A依赖的方式上调或下调下游靶标基因，进而促进或抑制程序性细胞死亡，参与疾病的发生发展过程。本综述总结了m6A的相关功能，并重点探讨其在程序性细胞死亡中的作用。