IntroductionKidney Dysfunction (KD) is prevalent among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but routine screening is limited due to inadequate laboratory infrast
Introduction Kidney Dysfunction (KD) is prevalent among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but routine screening is limited due to inadequate laboratory infras
Hemodialysis vascular access profoundly impacts the quality of care for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients worldwide, with arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) preferred for superior outcomes. Despite glo
