Batch Scale Production of 3D Printed Extraction Sorbents Using a Low-Cost Modification to a Desktop Printer

This study reports a simple modification to a commercial resin 3D printer that significantly reduces the amount of prepolymer material needed for the production of extraction sorbents. The modified printing platform is demonstrated in the printing of two imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) monomers. Two geometries resembling a blade-type polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) sorbent used in thin-film microextraction and a fiber-type sorbent used in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) were printed. The SPME PIL sorbents were used to extract 10 organic contaminants, including plasticizers, antimicrobial agents, UV filters, and pesticides, from water followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. To compare the extraction performance of the SPME sorbents, seven fibers printed with the same prepolymer composition from the same printing batch as well as different batches were evaluated. The results revealed highly reproducible extraction efficiencies for all tested sorbents with no statistical difference in their extraction performance. Method validation showed acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.92) for all analytes with limits of detection and limits of quantification ranging from 0.13 to 45 μg L–1 and 0.43 to 150 μg L–1, respectively.

本研究报道了一种针对商用树脂3D打印机的简易改性方法，可显著降低萃取吸附剂制备过程中所需的预聚物材料用量。采用该改性打印平台，成功制备了两种咪唑鎓基离子液体（ionic liquid, IL）单体。本次打印得到两类吸附剂结构：一类为用于薄膜微萃取的刀片型聚合离子液体（polymeric ionic liquid, PIL）吸附剂，另一类为用于固相微萃取（solid-phase microextraction, SPME）的纤维型吸附剂。研究采用该SPME用PIL吸附剂，从水体中萃取了10种有机污染物，涵盖增塑剂、抗菌剂、紫外过滤剂及农药类物质，随后通过高效液相色谱（high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC）完成分析。为对比该SPME吸附剂的萃取性能，本研究对7根采用同一打印批次、相同预聚物配方打印的纤维，以及不同打印批次的纤维进行了性能评估。结果显示，所有受试吸附剂的萃取效率均具备良好的重现性，其萃取性能无统计学差异。方法验证结果表明，所有分析物的线性关系均良好（决定系数R²>0.92），检出限与定量限分别介于0.13~45 μg·L⁻¹与0.43~150 μg·L⁻¹之间。