Supplementary Material for: Prevention of Obesity among Adults: Evidence- and Consensus-based Guideline

Background: The prevalence of obesity is rising globally. Evidence-informed guidance on preventing obesity is needed, but most existing obesity guidelines are focussed on treatment.

Methods: We developed an evidence- and consensus-based guideline on the prevention of obesity among adults. Following international best practice recommendations for guideline development, we systematically searched for relevant systematic reviews and conducted a structured consensus process involving 34 experts including 5 patient representatives. The guideline’s target group is the adult population of Germany, but most recommendations are likely to be applicable internationally.

Results: We developed 24 recommendations for the general public, health care professionals, and policy makers. The guideline recommends, among others, a healthy diet in line with existing food-based dietary guidelines, regular physical activity as well as appropriate sleep and stress management. Smoking cessation is recommended even when associated with weight gain. Offering qualified advice and counselling on diet and physical activity to all individuals in primary care is suggested. Potential effects of medication on body weight should be considered in prescription decisions. Implementation of evidence-informed policies for promoting healthy food and physical activity environments is recommended.

Conclusions: Evidence-based approaches for preventing obesity on the individual and societal levels exist, and should be implemented more widely.

背景：全球肥胖患病率呈持续上升态势。当前亟需基于循证依据的肥胖预防指导方案，但现有多数肥胖相关指南均聚焦于疾病治疗。
方法：本研究针对成人肥胖预防制定了一项基于循证与共识的指南。遵循国际指南制定的最佳实践规范，研究团队系统检索了相关系统综述，并开展了结构化共识研讨流程，纳入包括5名患者代表在内的34名专家参与研讨。本指南的目标人群为德国成年人群体，但多数推荐方案或可推广至国际范围适用。
结果：本研究为普通公众、医疗卫生专业人员及政策制定者制定了24项推荐方案。指南推荐内容包括：遵循现行食物基础膳食指南的健康饮食模式、规律的身体活动，以及合理的睡眠与压力管理；即便戒烟可能伴随体重增加，仍推荐戒烟；建议在基层医疗中为所有个体提供针对膳食与身体活动的专业化咨询服务；在开具处方时应考虑药物对体重的潜在影响；推荐实施循证政策，以营造健康食品供给与身体活动支持的环境。
结论：当前已具备在个体与社会层面开展肥胖预防的循证方案，且应进一步推广应用。