Descriptive statistics by exposure status.

As climate change exacerbates heatwaves, the health risks for vulnerable populations, particularly older adults, are intensifying. This study examines the relationship between heat exposure and health outcomes among older adults in India, with a focus on the potential moderating roles of socio-demographic factors. We analyzed data from the Longitudinal Aging Study of India-Wave I and climate data from NOAA to assess the association between severe heat exposure and health outcomes. Outcomes included self-reported health, mental health, and outpatient service utilization. We used propensity score matching and regression analysis, including ordered probit models and logistic regressions with robust standard errors, to examine the moderating effects of socioeconomic and environmental factors. Heat exposure was associated with poorer self-reported health (β = -0·17, p

随着气候变化加剧热浪事件，脆弱人群尤其是老年群体所面临的健康风险正持续攀升。本研究聚焦印度老年群体的热暴露与健康结局之间的关联，重点探讨社会人口统计学因素的潜在调节作用。本研究整合印度纵向老龄化研究第一波（Longitudinal Aging Study of India-Wave I）的调查数据与美国国家海洋和大气管理局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA）的气候数据，以评估重度热暴露与健康结局之间的关联。本次研究的健康结局涵盖自评健康状况、心理健康水平以及门诊服务使用情况。本研究采用倾向得分匹配（propensity score matching）法与多种回归分析方法，包括有序概率单位模型（ordered probit models）与稳健标准误逻辑回归（logistic regressions with robust standard errors），以探究社会经济与环境因素的调节效应。研究发现，热暴露与更差的自评健康状况显著相关（β = -0·17, p