Human urine used as a natural attractive of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in guava (Psidium guajava) orchard

ABSTRACT: Aiming to evaluate the efficiency of human urine in comparison to guava juice in monitoring and/or control of Anastrepha spp. in guava orchard, three research studies were conducted in Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil. The first one, from 16 March to 16 April 2012, using guava juice and pure urine donors aged 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 years old. The second one was conducted from April 25 to June 10, 2013, using guava juice and urine of a 30 year old donor testing concentrations of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100% human urine, with aging periods of 3, 7, 4, 14, and 21 days. The last research occurred from 27 June to 4 July 2013, and tested the influence of male and female urine, and both mixed. Five McPhail traps were installed in a randomized block design, using 400 mL of the attractive in each one.The traps were examined once a week, and the flies were collected and taken to the laboratory of entomology of the Universidade Federal do Crato, Crato campus, for screening and counting. The adults ofAnastrepha spp. prefer for urine from young donors and those that are more concentrated. The aging of the human urine (seven days) increases the capture of adults of Anastrepha spp. The male urine is more efficient than females' urine, making it inefficient when mixing. Therefore, urine can substitute the guava juice in agroecologic management programs in small producers' guava orchards. It´s free, easy to acquire and to apply.

摘要：为对比人尿与番石榴汁在番石榴园监测和/或防控实蝇属（Anastrepha spp.）的应用效果，本研究在巴西塞阿拉州巴尔巴利亚地区开展了三项试验。第一项试验于2012年3月16日至4月16日进行，供试试剂为番石榴汁以及20、25、30、35、40岁供体提供的纯净人尿。第二项试验于2013年4月25日至6月10日开展，采用番石榴汁与30岁供体的尿液，测试了10%、30%、50%、70%、100%五种浓度的人尿，以及3、7、4、14、21天五种陈化时长的尿液诱控效果。第三项试验于2013年6月27日至7月4日实施，分别测试了雄性尿液、雌性尿液及二者混合液的诱控效率。本试验采用随机区组设计，共安装5个麦克菲尔诱捕器（McPhail traps），每个诱捕器投放400毫升引诱剂。研究人员每周对诱捕器进行一次检查，收集到的实蝇样本将被送至克鲁托联邦大学（Universidade Federal do Crato）克鲁托校区昆虫学实验室完成分拣与计数。试验结果表明：实蝇属（Anastrepha spp.）成虫更偏好年轻供体的尿液以及高浓度尿液；人尿陈化7天时，对实蝇属成虫的诱捕效果最优；雄性尿液的诱捕效率高于雌性尿液，而混合尿液的诱捕效果较差。综上，在小型种植户的番石榴园农业生态防控项目中，人尿可替代番石榴汁。该试剂免费易得、操作便捷。