祁连山综合观测网：黑河流域地表过程综合观测网（花寨子荒漠站自动气象站-2021）

该数据集包含了2021年1月1日至2021年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网中游花寨子荒漠站气象要素观测数据。站点位于甘肃省张掖市花寨子，下垫面是盐爪爪山前荒漠。观测点的经纬度是100.3201E, 38.7659N，海拔1731m。空气温度、相对湿度传感器架设在5m、10m处，朝向正北；气压计安装防水箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在10m处；风速风向传感器架设在5m、10m处，朝向正北；四分量辐射仪安装在6m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在6m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、60cm和100cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤水分传感器分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、60cm和100cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤热流板（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处。
观测项目有：空气温湿度（Ta_5m、RH_5m、Ta_10m、RH_10m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、风速（WS_5m、WS_10m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_5m、WD_10m）(单位：度)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_60cm、Ms_100cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)和土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_60cm、Ts_100cm）（单位：摄氏度）。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；风速风向偶尔出现一些错误值；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2021-6-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称
黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al. (2011)。

This dataset contains meteorological element observation data from the Huazhaizi Desert Station in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin Surface Process Comprehensive Observation Network, covering the period from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. The station is located in Huazhaizi, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, with its underlying surface being Kalidium foliatum piedmont desert. The observation site has coordinates of 100.3201°E, 38.7659°N, and an altitude of 1731 m.

Air temperature and relative humidity sensors were installed at heights of 5 m and 10 m, facing north. The barometer was installed inside a waterproof box. The tipping-bucket rain gauge was installed at 10 m height. Wind speed and direction sensors were installed at 5 m and 10 m heights, facing north. The four-component radiometer was installed at 6 m height, facing south. Two infrared thermometers were installed at 6 m height, facing south, with their probes pointing vertically downward. Soil temperature probes were buried at 0 cm (surface) and 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm and 100 cm underground, 2 m directly south of the meteorological tower. Soil moisture sensors were buried at 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm and 100 cm underground, 2 m directly south of the meteorological tower. Three soil heat flux plates were sequentially buried at 6 cm underground.

Observation items include: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5m, RH_5m, Ta_10m, RH_10m) (units: degrees Celsius, percentage), atmospheric pressure (Press) (unit: hectopascal), precipitation (Rain) (unit: millimeter), wind speed (WS_5m, WS_10m) (unit: meters per second), wind direction (WD_5m, WD_10m) (unit: degree), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watt per square meter), surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: degrees Celsius), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: watt per square meter), soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_60cm, Ms_100cm) (unit: volumetric water content, percentage), and soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_60cm, Ts_100cm) (unit: degrees Celsius).

Data processing and quality control: (1) Ensure 144 data points per day (one record every 10 minutes); missing data is marked with -6999. Erroneous values occasionally appear in wind speed and direction data; (2) Remove duplicate records; (3) Delete data that obviously exceeds physical limits or instrument measurement ranges; (4) Data marked in red are questionable; (5) The date and time formats are unified, and date and time are recorded in the same column. For example, the time format is: 2021-6-10 10:30; (6) The naming convention is: AWS+station name.

For information on the Heihe Comprehensive Observation Network or the station, please refer to Liu et al. (2018); for observation data processing procedures, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).