The Useful Life of Bed-nets for Malaria Control in Tanzania: Attrition, Bio-efficacy, Chemistry, Durability and Insecticide Resistance, 2016 - excel files

Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) are the current first line choice in malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with most countries adopting universal coverage campaigns with free or subsidised nets. However, there is only limited knowledge from few countries of the effective life of LLINs under user conditions, an essential parameter for determining the operational and cost-effectiveness of this strategy. This study investigated LLIN effectiveness by measuring attrition, bio-efficacy, chemical content and physical degradation in Tanzania. A two-stage approach was used: Firstly, LLINs from recent net campaigns was evaluated retrospectively. The sampled households was then be provided with one of three leading LLIN products and followed up for three years in a prospective study to compare the performance of the LLIN brands in vivo. There was also developed a GIS-based network to understand potential spatial reasons for net loss and deterioration; to monitor insecticide resistance and to show malaria incidence data collected from local health centres and national surveys. A highly skilled multi-disciplinary team was brought together that supported the Tanzanian vector control both then and in the future through the training of two Tanzanian PhD students. This was the first team to conduct a geographically representative study of LLIN use and efficacy using WHO-recommended methodologies and large sample sizes determined by robust statistical methods with independent data quality assurance. The data collected will be of importance to policy makers and vector control specialists in both Tanzania and the SSA region to inform best practice for the maintenance of high and cost-effective coverage to maximize current gains in malaria control. This study consists of two data collections, this part contains excel files.

长效杀虫蚊帐（Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets, LLINs）是当前撒哈拉以南非洲（sub-Saharan Africa, SSA）疟疾媒介防控的一线首选方案，多数国家已通过免费或补贴蚊帐的全民覆盖推广运动普及该产品。然而目前仅有少数国家开展过相关研究，对用户使用场景下LLINs的有效使用寿命——这一决定该防控策略运营与成本效益的核心参数——仍缺乏充分认知。
本研究针对坦桑尼亚境内的LLINs有效性展开调查，通过监测蚊帐损耗率、生物药效、化学成分与物理老化程度开展评估。研究采用两阶段方案：第一阶段对近期蚊帐推广项目中配发的LLINs进行回顾性评估；第二阶段为抽样家庭配备三款主流LLIN产品中的一款，并开展为期三年的前瞻性追踪研究，以实地对比不同品牌LLIN的使用性能。此外，本研究还搭建了一套基于地理信息系统（Geographic Information System, GIS）的监测网络，用于解析蚊帐丢失与老化的潜在空间诱因、监测杀虫剂抗性，并展示从当地卫生中心与全国调查中获取的疟疾发病数据。
本项目组建了高水准多学科团队，通过培养两名坦桑尼亚籍博士生，为坦桑尼亚当前及未来的疟疾媒介防控工作提供持续支持。本研究是首个采用世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）推荐方法、通过严谨统计方法确定大样本量并配备独立数据质量保障体系的地理代表性LLIN使用与效能研究。
本次采集的数据将为坦桑尼亚及撒哈拉以南非洲地区的政策制定者与媒介防控专家提供决策参考，助力其制定维持高覆盖率且具成本效益的最优实践方案，以最大化当前疟疾防控工作的既有成果。本研究包含两批次数据采集，本部分数据以Excel文件格式存储。