Visitation rate of four bee groups within the Calanques National park, Marseille, France

This dataset presents the number of visits and visitation rates realized by four wild bee groups (small bees - < 10-12 mm, large bees > 12 mm, bumblebees and honey bees) on Mediterranean plant species. Data were collected during field surveys taking place from March to June in 2017 and 2018 in the Calanques National Park, Marseille, France on 17 sites. In each site (i.e. 100 m² plots), to maximize the record of bee visitation rates, we first determined the most flowered patches through a visual observation and then we chose the 3 one-square meters most flowered patches to observe plant-bee interactions. An observation consisted in the recording of the visitation rate of each bee group on each plant species in one meter square for 5 minutes per patch in 2017 and 10 minutes per patch in 2018. A session consisted of the sum of observations of all plant-bee interactions on the three one-square-meter patches (i.e. 15 min per plot in 2017 and 30 min per plot in 2018). Nine sessions were performed in 2017 per plot and 5 sessions in 2018 per plot for a total of 135 minutes of observations per plot in 2017 and 150 minutes of observations per plot in 2018. Observations were made between 8h00 and 18h00 and when weather conditions were favorable (no windy or rainy days). Data contains the plant species, the plant family, the site's name, coordinates in WGS84, the date, the week calendar number, the year, the number of visits realized by small bees, large bees, honeybees, bumblebees, period of observation, then visitation rates of each bee group, visited plant richness on each plot each week and cover of each plant species in each site. Each line corresponds to a plant species observed during one observation. Each visit was counted when a bee plunged its head into the flower.

本数据集记录了地中海植物上四类野生蜂类（小型蜂——体长<10~12毫米、大型蜂——体长>12毫米、熊蜂以及西方蜜蜂）的访花次数与访花频率。数据采集于2017至2018年3月至6月间，在法国马赛的卡朗格国家公园（Calanques National Park）的17个样地开展野外调查。每个样地为100平方米的样方，为最大化访花频率记录效率，研究人员先通过目视观察确定开花最繁盛的斑块，随后选取其中3个1平方米的最优斑块开展植物-蜂类互作观测。2017年每个1平方米斑块的单次观测时长为5分钟，2018年调整为10分钟，单次观测内容为记录该斑块内每类蜂群对每种植物的访花频率。一个观测时段为3个1平方米斑块的所有植物-蜂类互作观测时长之和，即2017年每个样地单时段总观测时长为15分钟，2018年为30分钟。每个样地在2017年共开展9个观测时段，2018年为5个，最终2017年每个样地总观测时长为135分钟，2018年为150分钟。所有观测均安排在8:00至18:00之间，且仅在天气条件适宜（无大风或降雨）的日子进行。数据集包含以下字段：植物物种、植物科属、样地名称、WGS84坐标系下的坐标、观测日期、周历编号、年份、小型蜂、大型蜂、西方蜜蜂、熊蜂的访花次数、观测时段、各类蜂群的访花频率、每个样地每周的受访植物丰富度，以及每个样地内各植物物种的盖度。每条数据对应一次观测中记录的某一植物物种。当蜜蜂将头部探入花朵内时，即记为一次有效访花。