Use of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SQR-20) for determination of physical and psycho-emotional symptoms in employees of a metallurgical industry located at Vale do Paraíba – Sao Paulo state - Brazil

Abstract Introduction Symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, irritability, forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, and somatic complaints may signal the existence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD). Therefore, tracking these disorders with the aim of preserving the integrity of workers' mental health is currently required. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of CMDs with the variables age, shiftwork, and role in employees of a metallurgical industry located at the region of Vale do Paraiba, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Method The Brazilian version of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used as analytical tool. Results Seventy-seven workers aged 20-50 years were evaluated. The results show that the second work shift presented a higher frequency of affected workers (72%), with 22% of them aged 33-34 years. With respect to the variables associated with depressive-anxious mood, most workers reported feeling nervous, tense or worried. For somatic symptoms, most workers reported frequent headaches. Regarding vital energy decrease, feeling tired easily was detected as the most influential component. For assessment of depressive thoughts, most workers reported frequent loss of interest. The results also show that general assistants (31%) and forklift operators (40%) are the most affected workers. Conclusion The SRQ-20 was effective in assessing CMDs to track occupational mental health.

摘要：诸如失眠、疲乏、烦躁、健忘、注意力难以集中以及躯体不适等症状，可能预示着常见精神障碍（Common Mental Disorders，CMD）的发生。因此，当前亟需对这类精神障碍进行筛查，以保障劳动者的心理健康水平。本研究旨在探究巴西圣保罗州帕拉伊巴谷地区某冶金企业员工的常见精神障碍与年龄、轮班制度及岗位角色等变量之间的关联。
方法：本研究采用自评问卷（Self-Reporting Questionnaire，SRQ-20）的巴西本土化版本作为分析工具。
结果：本研究共评估了77名年龄介于20至50岁之间的劳动者。结果显示，第二班轮班的劳动者中出现精神障碍相关症状的比例更高（72%），其中22%的受影响者年龄处于33至34岁区间。针对与抑郁-焦虑情绪相关的变量，多数劳动者表示曾感到紧张、局促或担忧。就躯体症状而言，多数劳动者称频繁出现头痛症状。关于精力下降维度，极易疲乏被认为是影响最显著的表现。针对抑郁性思维的评估，多数劳动者表示频繁出现兴趣减退的情况。研究结果同时显示，总务助理（31%）与叉车操作员（40%）是受影响最严重的岗位群体。
结论：SRQ-20在筛查常见精神障碍以监测职业心理健康方面具备有效性。