Parameter values of sequential model (SM) and parallel model (PM) for plant leafing in Northeast China.

m: all parameters estimated; n: section parameters estimated; Tlow: the lowest temperature of the rate of chilling; CU: chilling unit; FU: forcing unit;Thigh: the highest temperature of the rate of chilling; va, vb and vc: constants; Tb: base temperature; C*: critical value of state of chilling for the transition from rest to quiescence; F*: temperature sum critical threshold; To: optimal temperature of the rate of chilling; Km: minimum potential of unchilled buds to respond to forcing temperature. PSM=Salix matsudana; PUP=Ulmus pumila; PAV=Armeniaca vulgaris; PPS=Populus simonii; PSO=Syringa oblate; PPNK=Pinus koraiensis; PLD=Larix dahurica; PPCK=Picea koraiensis; XLC=Leymus chinensis in Xilinhot; XSK=Stipa krylovii; ELC=Leymus chinensis in Ewenki; ESB=Stipa baicalensis; HAC=Agropyron cristatum; HED=Elymus dahuricus. The fixed parameters from Chuine et al. (1998) are in bold.

m：所有参数均经估算；n：部分参数经估算；T_low：冷量速率的最低温度；CU（chilling unit）：冷量单位；FU（forcing unit）：积温单位；T_high：冷量速率的最高温度；vₐ、vᵦ与v_c：常数；T_b：基准温度；C*：由休眠向静息状态转变所需的冷量临界值；F*：积温临界阈值；T_o：冷量速率的最优温度；K_m：未完成冷量积累的芽对积温产生响应的最小潜能。
PSM：旱柳（Salix matsudana）；PUP：白榆（Ulmus pumila）；PAV：山杏（Armeniaca vulgaris）；PPS：小叶杨（Populus simonii）；PSO：Syringa oblate；PPNK：红松（Pinus koraiensis）；PLD：兴安落叶松（Larix dahurica）；PPCK：红皮云杉（Picea koraiensis）；XLC：锡林浩特羊草（Leymus chinensis in Xilinhot）；XSK：克氏针茅（Stipa krylovii）；ELC：鄂温克羊草（Leymus chinensis in Ewenki）；ESB：贝加尔针茅（Stipa baicalensis）；HAC：冰草（Agropyron cristatum）；HED：披碱草（Elymus dahuricus）。
来自Chuine等人（1998）的固定参数以粗体标注。