Development and validation of hydraulic driven electronic penetrometer for georeferenced point collection

ABSTRACT Soil penetration resistance (SPR) is used as an indicator of compaction, as it is related to important soil and plant attributes and is an easily obtainable measure. Its determination with the use of the penetrometer guides to the best soil management strategies, thus favoring crop development. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the georeferenced hydraulic driven electronic penetrometer, making it easier to obtain SPR. For this, 36 SPR readings from 0 to 0.60 m depth were performed with the manual and hydraulic penetrometers in two areas. The SPR results were analyzed by establishing the confidence intervals by the t-test (p ≤ 0.10) at each 0.05 m depth and the georeferencing was analyzed through the root mean square error (RMSE). It was found that both penetrometers showed similarity in SPR measurement and in the georeferencing of the points.

摘要 土壤穿透阻力（Soil Penetration Resistance, SPR）可作为土壤压实状态的指示指标，其与诸多关键土壤及植物属性相关，且是一项易于获取的测量指标。借助贯入仪（penetrometer）测定SPR，可为优化土壤管理策略提供依据，进而促进作物生长。本研究的目标是开发并验证一款地理参考式液压驱动电子贯入仪，以简化SPR的获取工作。为此，研究人员在两个试验区域内，分别使用手动贯入仪与液压贯入仪，完成了0至0.60米深度范围内的36组SPR读数采集。针对SPR测量结果，我们在每0.05米深度处通过t检验（p ≤ 0.10）构建置信区间进行分析，并通过均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error, RMSE）对测点的地理参考结果进行评估。研究表明，两种贯入仪在SPR测量结果以及测点地理参考定位方面均具有相似性。