Exploring the acoustic diversity of Andean frogs in the Farallones de Cali National Natural Park, southwestern Colombia

The advertisement calls that frogs emit in a reproductive context are among the most conspicuous and studied acoustic signals. They play a significant role in interspecific recognition, mate selection, and territoriality and can be used in different fields such as taxonomy, ethology, ecology, and evolutionary studies. In Colombia, around 40% of the recognized frog species have descriptions of their calls in the literature. However, the Cordillera Occidental in the tropical Andes and the Strabomantidae family are underrepresented in the literature despite the huge species diversity they hold. Here, we described the advertisement calls of eleven frog species belonging to three families from three localities at high elevations in the Cordillera Occidental, which have been inaccessible to scientific research due to security concerns. We describe the advertisement calls of five Pristimantis species for the first time and estimated the daily acoustic activity patterns of four Pristimantis species. Our findings enhance the number of known advertisement calls for anuran species from one of the least-represented regions and families in the country. In addition, they provide important information regarding the natural history of four Pristimantis species that could be used as a baseline for future long-term population studies.

繁殖情境下蛙类发出的广告鸣唱，是最为醒目且被广泛研究的声学信号之一。此类鸣唱在种间识别、配偶选择与领域行为中发挥关键作用，同时可应用于分类学、行为学、生态学及进化生物学等多个研究领域。
在哥伦比亚，已被确认的蛙类物种中约有40%的鸣唱特征已在文献中有所记载。然而，尽管热带安第斯山脉西科迪勒拉山脉与细趾蟾科（Strabomantidae）拥有极为丰富的物种多样性，但其相关文献记载却极为匮乏。
鉴于西科迪勒拉山脉高海拔区域的三处采样点因安全问题长期无法开展科学研究，本研究对其中隶属于3个科的11种蛙类的广告鸣唱进行了描述。本研究首次记录了5种饰纹蟾属（Pristimantis）蛙类的广告鸣唱，并估算了其中4种饰纹蟾属蛙类的每日声学活动模式。
本研究结果增加了该国代表性最弱的区域与类群中无尾两栖类（anuran）已知广告鸣唱的物种数量。此外，本研究还为4种饰纹蟾属蛙类的自然史提供了重要基础数据，可作为未来长期种群研究的参照基准。