IT-RAD dataset collected during the 10th July 2019 Mediterranean hail-bearing Supercell

This dataset includes radar observations of an exceptional hail-bearing Supercell that hit the Adriatic coast of central Italy on 10 July 2019, causing flash flood and giant-hail precipitation. The event was observed by two polarimetric Doppler C-band systems operated by the Italian Department of Civil Protection, being part of the Italian radar network (IT-RAD). The northernmost of the two radars, located inland on mount Serano, was able to observe the initial development of the cell. The other system, positioned closer to the coast on mount Il Monte, had an enviable view of the long-lived supercell, enabling to fully characterize its most intense phase. The dataset is composed by high-resolution polar volumes of the following radar parameters: Uncorrected reflectivity Z (UZ), Corrected reflectivity Z (CZ), differential reflectivity (ZDR), uncorrected differential phase shift (PHIDP), co-polar correlation coefficient (RHOHV), Doppler Velocity (V), Doppler Width (W). The scan strategy is based on inverse elevation mode (from the highest to the lowest elevation angle) with variable PRF. The most intense phase of the event (from 10:00 to 11:00 UTC) was well captured by the radar system of “Il Monte” (lat = 41.9394 °, lon = 14.6208 °, altitude = 710 m) which, at the time of the event, was affected by an absolute bias (on CZ and UZ) and a differential bias (on ZDR) of about -2 dB and -0.9, respectively. For quantitative use the bias requires to be algebraically subtracted from the respective quantities. The user should be informed about some spot regions of missing data that might be present in the radar variables, especially on the V. This is caused by the thresholding approach applied at RSP level on the signal quality index (SQI) to compensate for W-LAN interferences. The dataset, consisting of 7 hours of raw radar volumes with 5 minutes sampling rate, is provided in a proprietary format (“Datamet”) that is manageable by using the python code named read_datamet.py that is available at https://zenodo.org/record/4897245.本数据集收录了2019年7月10日袭击意大利中部亚得里亚海沿岸的一次罕见冰雹超级单体风暴的雷达观测资料，该事件引发了山洪暴发与巨型冰雹降水。 本次事件由意大利民事保护部（Italian Department of Civil Protection）运营的两台偏振多普勒C波段雷达系统（polarimetric Doppler C-band systems）观测所得，这些雷达隶属于意大利雷达网（IT-RAD）。 两台雷达中最靠北的一台位于内陆的塞拉诺山（Mount Serano），可观测到该超级单体的初始生成过程；另一台雷达位置更靠近海岸，设于伊尔蒙特山（Il Monte），能够获取该长寿超级单体的优异观测视野，从而完整刻画其最强演化阶段。 本数据集由以下雷达参数的高分辨率极坐标体积扫描数据组成：未校正反射率Z（UZ）、校正后反射率Z（CZ）、差分反射率（ZDR）、未校正差分相移（PHIDP）、同极化相关系数（RHOHV）、多普勒速度（V）以及多普勒宽度（W）。 扫描策略采用逆仰角模式（从最高仰角至最低仰角），并搭配可变脉冲重复频率（PRF）。 该事件的最强阶段（协调世界时10:00至11:00）被伊尔蒙特山雷达系统完整捕获，该雷达坐标为纬度41.9394°、经度14.6208°，海拔710米。在事件发生期间，该雷达存在约-2 dB的CZ与UZ绝对偏差，以及约-0.9的ZDR差分偏差。若用于定量分析，需从对应参数中代数扣除该偏差。 需告知用户，雷达变量中可能存在局部数据缺失区域，尤以多普勒速度V为甚，这是由于在雷达信号处理器（RSP）层面针对信号质量指数（SQI）设置阈值处理方法以抵消无线局域网（WLAN）干扰所导致的。 本数据集包含7小时的原始雷达体积扫描数据，采样间隔为5分钟，采用专有格式"Datamet"存储，可通过Zenodo平台公开的Python代码read_datamet.py进行读取处理，该代码可从https://zenodo.org/record/4897245获取。