Federal Justice Statistics Program: Defendants Sentenced Under the Sentencing Reform Act, 2000

These data contain records of criminal defendants who were sentenced pursuant to provisions of the Sentencing Reform Act (SRA) of 1984 and reported to the United States Sentencing Commission (USSC) during fiscal year 2000. These data can be linked to the primary analysis file using the unique identifier variable SEQ_NUM. It is estimated that over 90 percent of felony defendants in the federal criminal justice system are sentenced pursuant to the SRA of 1984. The data were obtained from the United States Sentencing Commission's Office of Policy Analysis' (OPA) Standardized Research Data File. The Standardized Research Data File consists of variables from the Monitoring Department's database, which is limited to those defendants whose records have been furnished to the USSC by United States district courts and United States magistrates, as well as variables created by the OPA specifically for research purposes. The data include variables from the Judgement and Conviction (J and C) order submitted by the court, background and guideline information collected from the Presentencing Report (PSR), and the report on sentencing hearing in the Statement of Reasons (SOR). These data contain detailed information such as the guideline base offense level, offense level adjustments, criminal history, departure status, statement of reasons given for departure, and basic demographic information. These data are the primary analysis file and include only statute, guideline computation, and adjustment variables for the most serious offense of conviction. These data are part of a series designed by the Urban Institute (Washington, DC) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by the Urban Institute.

本数据集包含1984年《量刑改革法案》（Sentencing Reform Act，SRA）条款下被判刑，并于2000财年向美国量刑委员会（United States Sentencing Commission，USSC）报告的刑事被告记录。通过唯一标识符变量SEQ_NUM，本数据集可与主分析文件关联。据估计，联邦刑事司法系统中超过90%的重罪被告是根据1984年SRA被判刑的。数据来源于美国量刑委员会政策分析办公室（Office of Policy Analysis，OPA）的标准化研究数据文件。该标准化研究数据文件包含两部分变量：一是监测部门数据库中的变量（仅限于美国地区法院和治安法官向USSC提交记录的被告），二是OPA专为研究目的创建的变量。数据包含以下变量：法院提交的判决与定罪令（Judgement and Conviction，J and C）中的变量、从量刑前报告（Presentencing Report，PSR）收集的背景及指南信息，以及量刑理由陈述书（Statement of Reasons，SOR）中的量刑听证会报告。数据集包含详细信息，例如指南基础犯罪等级、犯罪等级调整、犯罪史、偏离状态、偏离理由陈述及基本人口统计信息。本数据集为主分析文件，仅包含定罪中最严重罪行的法规、指南计算及调整变量。本数据集是城市研究所（Urban Institute，华盛顿特区）与司法统计局联合设计的系列数据集之一，数据及文档由城市研究所编制。