Raw data for: Modes of grain number determination differentiate barely row-types

Gaining knowledge on intrinsic interactions of various yield components is
crucial to improve the yield potential in small grain cereals. It is well
known in barley that increasing the grain number (GN) preponderantly
improves their yield potential; however, the yield components determining
GN and their association in barley row-types are less explored. In this
study, we assessed different yield components like potential spikelet
number (PSN), spikelet survival (SSL), spikelet number (SN), grain set
(GS), and grain survival (GSL), as well as their interactions with GN by
using a selected panel of two- and six-rowed barley types. Also, to
analyze the stability of these interactions, we performed the study in two
growth conditions, greenhouse and field. From this study, we found that in
two-rowed, GN determination is strongly influenced by PSN rather than SSL
and/or GS in both growth conditions. Conversely, in six-rowed, GN is
associated with SSL instead of PSN and/or GS. Thus, our study exemplified
that increasing GN might be possible by augmenting PSN in two-rowed
genotypes, while for six-rowed genotypes, the ability of SSL needs to be
improved. We speculate that this disparity of GN determination in barley
row-types might be due to the fertility of lateral spikelets.
Collectively, this study revealed that GN of two-rowed largely depends on
the developmental trait, PSN, while in six-rowed, it mainly follows the
ability of SSL.

解析不同产量构成因素的内在互作机制，对提升小粒谷类作物的产量潜力至关重要。已有研究证实，提高穗粒数（grain number，GN）可显著提升大麦的产量潜力；但针对大麦棱型下决定穗粒数的产量构成因素及其相互关联的研究仍较为匮乏。本研究以精选的二棱与六棱大麦种质群体为材料，对潜在小穗数（potential spikelet number，PSN）、小穗存活率（spikelet survival，SSL）、小穗数（spikelet number，SN）、结实率（grain set，GS）及籽粒存活率（grain survival，GSL）等多项产量构成因素，及其与穗粒数的互作关系进行了系统评估。为探究上述互作关系的稳定性，本研究分别在温室与田间两种生长环境下开展试验。结果表明：在两种生长环境中，二棱大麦的穗粒数决定过程主要受潜在小穗数调控，而非小穗存活率或结实率；与之相反，六棱大麦的穗粒数则与小穗存活率密切相关，而非潜在小穗数或结实率。据此，本研究提出，针对二棱大麦基因型，可通过提升其潜在小穗数来增加穗粒数；而对于六棱大麦基因型，则需优化其小穗存活率以实现穗粒数提升。我们推测，大麦不同棱型间穗粒数决定机制的差异，可能源于侧生小穗的育性差异。综上，本研究揭示：二棱大麦的穗粒数主要取决于发育性状——潜在小穗数，而六棱大麦的穗粒数则主要由小穗存活率决定。