The soil microbial OTUs data from the a study about the influence of rainfall patterns on karst soil microorganisms

Precipitation pattern changes may dramatically disturb the soil microbial community, especially in fragile karst ecosystems. However, the impact of different intensities and distributions of precipitation within a period of time on karst soil microbial communities has not been fully investigated. Therefore, based on soil and climatic conditions in a karst area, we conducted a simulation experiment to study the impact of changes in precipitation patterns on the soil microbial community. We investigated the changes in relative abundance, diversity, niche width, assembly processes and co-occurrence networks of bacterial and fungal communities under different precipitation patterns. The results showed that under moderate drought × even precipitation treatment, the relative importance of stochastic processes in microbial assembly processes was the lowest, and the bacterial community had the highest stability, which indicated that the microbes in karst soil may have adapted to relatively drought environments. Under the moderate drought × intense precipitation treatment, the bacterial community had the highest species diversity, relative importance of stochastic processes and nodes and negative edges in co-occurrence networks, which indicated that intense precipitation can impose a significant disturbance on the microbial community in karst soil. The SWC, SOC, N, and P contents significantly impact the relative abundance of microbial phyla, and SWC and SOC are the two most important environmental factors mediating bacterial and fungal community assembly. Our findings suggest that the increase in intense precipitation in the future will significantly alter the characteristics of soil microbial communities and their ecological functions.

降水格局变化可能会显著扰动土壤微生物群落，尤其是在脆弱喀斯特（karst）生态系统中。然而，目前尚未充分明确一段时间内不同强度与分布的降水对喀斯特土壤微生物群落的影响。因此，本研究基于某喀斯特区域的土壤与气候条件开展模拟实验，探究降水格局变化对土壤微生物群落的影响。我们分析了不同降水格局下细菌与真菌群落的相对丰度、多样性、生态位宽度、群落组装过程及共现网络的变化特征。结果显示，在中度干旱×均匀降水处理组中，微生物群落组装过程中随机过程的相对重要性最低，且细菌群落稳定性最高，这表明喀斯特土壤中的微生物或已适应相对干旱的生境。在中度干旱×强降水处理组中，细菌群落的物种多样性、随机过程的相对重要性，以及共现网络中的节点数与负连接边占比均达到最高水平，这说明强降水会对喀斯特土壤微生物群落造成显著干扰。土壤含水量（Soil Water Content, SWC）、土壤有机碳（Soil Organic Carbon, SOC）、氮（N）与磷（P）含量会显著影响微生物门类的相对丰度，其中SWC与SOC是调控细菌与真菌群落组装过程的两大核心环境因子。本研究结果表明，未来强降水事件的增加将显著改变土壤微生物群落特征及其生态功能。