Adverse events of vaccines and the consequences of non-vaccination: a critical review

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risks related to vaccines and the impacts of non-vaccination on the world population. METHODS: This is a narrative review that has considered information present in the bibliographic databases NCBI-PubMed, Medline, Lilacs, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), between November 2015 and November 2016. For the analysis of outbreaks caused by non-vaccination, we considered the work published between 2010 and 2016. RESULTS: We have described the main components of the vaccines offered by the Brazilian public health system and the adverse events associated with these elements. Except for local inflammatory reactions and rare events, such as exacerbation of autoimmune diseases and allergies, no causal relationship has been demonstrated between the administration of vaccines and autism, Alzheimer's disease, or narcolepsy. On the other hand, the lack of information and the dissemination of non-scientific information have contributed to the reemergence of infectious diseases in several countries in the world and they jeopardize global plans for the eradication of these diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The population should be well informed about the benefits of vaccination and health professionals should assume the role of disseminating truthful information with scientific support on the subject, as an ethical and professional commitment to society.

摘要
目的：分析与疫苗相关的风险，以及未接种疫苗对全球人群的影响。
方法：本研究为叙述性综述，检索了2015年11月至2016年11月间NCBI-PubMed、Medline、Lilacs以及科学电子在线图书馆（Scientific Electronic Library Online，SciELO）等文献数据库中的相关信息。针对未接种疫苗引发的暴发疫情分析，纳入了2010年至2016年间发表的研究成果。
结果：本研究阐述了巴西公共卫生系统提供的疫苗的主要成分，以及与这些成分相关的不良事件。除局部炎症反应及罕见事件（如自身免疫性疾病加重、过敏反应）外，目前尚未证实疫苗接种与自闭症、阿尔茨海默病或发作性睡病之间存在因果关联。另一方面，信息匮乏与非科学信息的传播，导致全球多个国家的传染病复燃，并威胁到这类传染病的全球根除计划。
结论：民众应充分知晓疫苗接种的益处，医疗卫生专业人员应肩负起传播有科学依据的真实信息的职责，这是对社会的伦理与职业承诺。