Does the ultrasonic activation of calcium silicate-based sealers affect their physicochemical properties?

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ultrasonic activation (UA) on the physicochemical properties of hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers. Nine experimental conditions were created based on the hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (Bio-C Sealer, Sealer Plus BC and Bio Root RCS) and the ultrasonic activation (no activation [NA], 10 seconds, and 20 seconds). Then the experimental groups were BC-NA, BC-10, BC-20, SPBC-NA, SPBC-10, SPBC-20, BR-NA, BR-10, and BR-20. Activation was performed with an ultrasonic insert 20/.01. The mold for the physicochemical analysis was filled and evaluated according to the ANSI/ADA specification nº. 57: initial and final setting time, flow, radiopacity and solubility. Tests were also performed to evaluate pH and calcium ion release with experimental periods of 1, 24, 72, and 168 hours with a pH meter and colorimetric spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests. The significance level was set at 5%. The time of UA progressively delayed the initial setting time for all hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (p 0.05). UA for 20 seconds enhanced the pH levels and the calcium ion release of Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Sealer at 168h (p

摘要 本研究旨在评估超声激活（ultrasonic activation, UA）对水硬性硅酸钙基封闭剂（hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers）理化性能的影响。本研究基于3种水硬性硅酸钙基封闭剂（Bio-C Sealer、Sealer Plus BC及Bio Root RCS）与3种超声激活方案（无激活[NA]、激活10秒、激活20秒）设置9组实验条件，对应实验组分别为BC-NA、BC-10、BC-20、SPBC-NA、SPBC-10、SPBC-20、BR-NA、BR-10及BR-20。激活操作采用20/.01超声工作尖完成。参照美国国家标准学会/美国牙科协会（ANSI/ADA）第57号规范制备并评估理化分析用试样，检测指标包括初始凝固时间、终末凝固时间、流动度、阻射性及溶解性。此外，分别于1、24、72及168小时节点，采用pH计与比色分光光度计开展pH值与钙离子释放量检测。数据采用单因素方差分析及Tukey事后检验进行统计学分析，检验水准设定为5%。结果显示，超声激活时长会逐步延迟所有受试水硬性硅酸钙基封闭剂的初始凝固时间（p 0.05）。超声激活20秒可在168小时节点提升Sealer Plus BC与Bio-C Sealer的pH水平及钙离子释放量（p