Protection Monitoring, 2020

The size of the outflows from Venezuela sharply increased from some 700,000 in 2015 to over 4 million by June 2019, largely driven by a substantial deterioration of the situation in the country. Given the disruption of the functioning of some democratic institutions and rule of law, and its impact on the preservation of security, economic stability, health, public peace and the general welfare system, the crisis continues to worsen and serious human rights violations are widely reported. The displacement outside Venezuela has mostly affected countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, particularly Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and the southern Caribbean islands. Most governments in the region have made efforts to facilitate access to territory, documentation and access to services, but the capacity of host countries has become overstretched to address the increasing protection and integration needs, resulting in tighter border controls being put in place. Protection monitoring is a core UNHCR activity which aims at ensuring an adequate and timely understanding of the protection situation of persons affected by forced displacement. The action-oriented nature of protection monitoring allows UNHCR to adapt to the needs and protection risks faced by persons displaced outside Venezuela and informs a broad range of responses.

委内瑞拉被迫流离失所者的外流规模从2015年的约70万人，大幅攀升至2019年6月的400万人以上，这一增长主要由该国局势的急剧恶化所推动。鉴于部分民主机构运作与法治体系遭到破坏，且这一状况对国家安全、经济稳定、医疗卫生、公共秩序以及社会福利体系的维系造成负面影响，这场危机持续恶化，严重侵犯人权的行为被广泛报道。委内瑞拉境外的流离失所现象主要波及拉丁美洲及加勒比地区各国，尤以阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁以及加勒比南部岛屿受影响最为严重。该地区多数政府已采取举措，便利流离失所者获取居留资格、身份证件及公共服务，但收容国的承载能力已难以应对日益增长的保护与融合需求，进而催生了更为严格的边境管控措施。保护监测是联合国难民署（United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees，UNHCR）的核心工作之一，旨在充分且及时地掌握被迫流离失所者的保护处境。保护监测具备行动导向的特性，能够帮助联合国难民署针对委内瑞拉境外流离失所者面临的各类需求与保护风险调整应对方案，并为多维度的响应举措提供决策依据。