Table_1_RETRACTED: Post-acute (long) COVID-19 quality of life: validation of the German version of (PAC19QoL) instrument.DOCX

PurposeThe aim of our study was to validate a German translation of the post-acute (long) COVID-19 quality of life (PAC-19QoL) instrument among German patients with long COVID-19 syndrome.
Patients and methodsThe PAC-19QoL instrument was translated into the German language and administrated to patients with long COVID-19 syndrome. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to analyze the internal consistency of the instrument. Construction validity was evaluated by using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation. Scores of patients and controls were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test.
ResultsA total of 45 asymptomatic and 41 symptomatic participants were included. In total, 41 patients with long COVID-19 syndrome completed the PAC-19QoL and EQ-5D-5L questionnaires. PAC-19QoL domain scores were significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. All items achieved a Cronbach's alpha >0.7. There was a significant correlation between all domains on the test (p < 0.001), with the highest correlation between total (r = 0.994) and domain 1 (r = 0.991). Spearman's rank correlation analysis confirmed that the instrument items correlated with the objective PAC-19QoL examination findings.
ConclusionThe German version of the instrument is valid and reliable and can be a suitable tool for research and daily clinical practice among patients with long COVID-19 syndrome.

研究目的：本研究旨在针对罹患长新冠综合征的德国患者，验证急性后（长期）新冠生活质量（PAC-19QoL，全称post-acute (long) COVID-19 quality of life）量表德语译本的有效性。
患者与方法：本研究将PAC-19QoL量表翻译为德语，并施用于长新冠综合征患者。采用克朗巴哈α系数（Cronbach's alpha coefficient）分析该量表的内部一致性；通过皮尔逊相关系数与斯皮尔曼等级相关评估结构效度；采用曼-惠特尼U检验比较患者与健康对照者的量表得分。
结果：本研究共纳入45名无症状参与者与41名有症状参与者。最终共有41名长新冠综合征患者完成了PAC-19QoL与EQ-5D-5L问卷。有症状与无症状参与者的PAC-19QoL各维度得分存在显著差异。所有量表条目对应的克朗巴哈α系数均大于0.7。量表各维度间均存在显著相关性（p < 0.001），其中总得分与维度1的相关性最高（r=0.994与r=0.991）。斯皮尔曼等级相关分析证实，量表各条目与PAC-19QoL的客观评估结果存在相关性。
结论：该德语版PAC-19QoL量表具有良好的效度与信度，可作为长新冠综合征患者开展科研与日常临床实践的合适工具。