Chloride and sulfate ions in massive ice and its potential water sources (North West Siberia)

Lenses of massive ground ice and cryopegs were found at different levels in Holocene deposits in the northeastern Yamal Peninsula. Massive ice, 7 to 9 m thick, occurs at the depth 12 m under the Seyakha (Mutnaya) River. Multistage massive ground ice (four lenses, 0.4 m thick and 8 m long) exists in Gyda terrace I. Cl⁻/SO4⁻² ratios, spore-pollen spectra, and the presence of algae have implications for the origin of the Sabettayakha massive ice of different types. Columnar brown ice formed by freezing of sand saturated with water of the Ob Gulf, monolith brown ice is a frozen lake talik, while ultra-fresh white ice originates from lake and stream waters. Massive ground ice occurs in pre-Quaternary consolidated deposits, as well as in Holocene and modern sediments.

在亚马尔半岛东北部的全新世沉积物中，不同层位均发现了大块地下冰透镜体及冻结层地下水（cryopegs）。塞亚哈河（穆特尼亚河）河床以下12米深处存在厚度为7至9米的大块冰层。吉达Ⅰ级阶地中存在多期次大块地下冰（共4个透镜体，厚0.4米、长8米）。氯离子/硫酸根离子（Cl⁻/SO₄²⁻）比值、孢粉谱特征及藻类的存在，为萨贝塔亚哈不同类型大块冰的成因研究提供了线索。柱状棕色冰由饱含鄂毕湾水体的砂层冻结而成；块状棕色冰为冻结的湖底融区（talik）；而超淡水白色冰则源自湖泊与溪流水体。大块地下冰不仅存在于全新世及现代沉积物中，也见于前第四纪固结沉积层内。