Cardiovascular Risk and Metabolic Syndrome in Individuals with Mental Disorders

Abstract Background: Patients with mental disorders are more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders compared to the general population. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome in individuals with mental disorders. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted at the Psychosocial Care Centers. Socioeconomic, clinical, biochemical and anthropometric data were collected using a standard form. Cardiovascular risk was assessed by the Framingham risk score. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was determined by the World Health- Organization (WHO), the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and associations were evaluated by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, as well as Odds Ratio. The significance level adopted for all statistical tests was 5%. Results: The chance of individuals diagnosed with MS be at intermediate-to-high cardiovascular risk was greater (12.22, 8.01 and 6.23 times higher according to WHO, NCEP and IDF criteria, respectively) than those without MS. Conclusion: A high percentage of patients with mental disorders were at intermediate / high cardiovascular risk, and this was significantly associated with MS.

摘要 背景：与普通人群相比，精神障碍患者更易罹患心血管疾病与代谢紊乱。 研究目的：评估精神障碍个体的心血管风险与代谢综合征（Metabolic Syndrome, MS）发生情况。 材料与方法：本研究为横断面研究，于精神卫生社会关爱中心（Psychosocial Care Centers）开展。采用标准化表单收集社会经济、临床、生化及人体测量学相关数据。心血管风险通过弗雷明汉风险评分（Framingham risk score）进行评估。代谢综合征的诊断分别采用世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）、美国国家胆固醇教育计划（National Cholesterol Education Program, NCEP）以及国际糖尿病联盟（International Diabetes Federation, IDF）的诊断标准。数据采用描述性统计学方法进行分析，组间关联通过卡方检验（chi-square test）、费希尔精确检验（Fisher's exact test）以及比值比（Odds Ratio）进行评估，所有统计检验的显著性水平均设定为5%。 研究结果：相较于未罹患代谢综合征的个体，被诊断为代谢综合征的个体出现中至高心血管风险的概率显著更高（依据WHO、NCEP及IDF标准，分别高出12.22倍、8.01倍及6.23倍）。 结论：精神障碍患者中存在中至高心血管风险的比例较高，且该风险与代谢综合征存在显著关联。