Proportion of students at the end of lower secondary education achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in reading, adjusted location parity index (LPIA)

The Adjusted Location Parity Index (LPIA) is calculated by dividing the rural value for the indicator by the urban value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted location parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted LPI equal to 1 indicates parity between rural and urban locations. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of urban locations and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of rural locations.

调整后区位均等指数（Adjusted Location Parity Index，LPIA）的计算方式为：将某指标的农村取值除以该指标的城镇取值。若所得比值大于1，则将该比值倒置后从2中减去。调整后的区位均等指数以1为中心对称，取值范围为0至2。当调整后LPI取值为1时，代表农村与城镇区位间实现均等。总体而言，取值小于1意味着存在偏向城镇的差距，而取值大于1则意味着存在偏向农村的差距。