Propagation and initial development in lychee plants

Abstract The objective was to evaluate different methods of propagation and initial development of the lychee according to the place of production. The propagation methods were the Forking in seedlings produced in São João de Petrópolis-Santa Teresa and Air Layering in São João de Petrópolis, Santa Teresa-HQ, Colatina and Santa Maria de Jetibá. Each treatment consisted of 50 plants, and the percentage of graft catch, grape pick and transplant to the field was evaluated after three months. The seedlings produced in the different propagation sites were planted in the production field, with a spacing of 5x5 meters, being used as each treatment, 10 seedlings propagated in different places by Air Layering and propagation by forking. The propagation by Air Layering showed a better rate of catch than in grafting by Forking, however the Forking maintained 100% maintenance of the seedlings alive after the harvest. The treatments represented by the Air Layering in Colatina and São João showed the best results, showing that the spreading by Air Layering presents superior results when we use for the propagation, plants produced in places with similar characteristics to the planting site. Propagation by Air Layering is the best method of propagating lychee seedlings. Alporques propagated in the same region where the seedlings produced are definitively planted have greater adaptability and better development in the production field.

摘要
本研究旨在基于生产产地，评估荔枝不同育苗方式及其初期生长表现。试验采用的繁育方式包括：在圣若昂-德佩特罗皮利斯-圣特雷莎培育的实生苗上实施劈接（Forking），以及在圣若昂-德佩特罗皮利斯、圣特雷莎总部、科拉蒂纳与圣玛丽亚-德热蒂巴开展空中压条（Air Layering）。每个处理组包含50株植株，于育苗三个月后评估嫁接成活率（graft catch）、幼苗成活率与大田移栽成活率。将不同繁育基地培育的幼苗以5×5米的株行距定植于生产田，每个处理组配置10株分别通过空中压条与劈接法在不同产地繁育的幼苗。空中压条法的嫁接成活率优于劈接法，但劈接法在收获后幼苗存活率达100%。以科拉蒂纳与圣若昂地区的空中压条处理组表现最优，结果表明，当采用繁育地与定植地环境特征相近的植株进行繁育时，空中压条法可获得更优的繁育效果。空中压条法是繁育荔枝幼苗的最优方式。在与幼苗最终定植区域一致的场地开展空中压条繁育的种苗，在生产田中具有更强的适应性与更佳的生长表现。