Vaginoplasty tips and tricks

ABSTRACT Vaginoplasty is a commonly performed surgery for the transfeminine patient. In this review, we discuss how to achieve satisfactory surgical outcomes, and highlight solutions to common complications involved with the surgery, including: wound separation, vaginal stenosis, hematoma, and rectovaginal fistula. Pre-operative evaluation and standard technique are outlined. Goal outcomes regarding aesthetics, creation of a neocavity, urethral management, labial appearance, vaginal packing and clitoral sizing are all described. Peritoneal vaginoplasty technique and visceral interposition technique are detailed as alternatives to the penile inversion technique in case they are needed to be used. Post-operative patient satisfaction, patient care plans, and solutions to common complications are reviewed.

摘要 阴道成形术（Vaginoplasty）是跨性别女性患者的常用手术术式。本综述探讨了如何获取满意的手术效果，并重点阐述了该手术常见并发症的解决方案，涵盖伤口裂开、阴道狭窄、血肿及直肠阴道瘘。文中概述了术前评估流程与标准手术操作技术，同时详细描述了美学效果、新腔道构建、尿道管理、阴唇外观、阴道填塞与阴蒂尺寸调整等手术目标结局。针对阴茎反转术式的替代方案，本文详述了腹膜阴道成形术与脏器间置术的操作细节，以供临床需用时选用。此外，本综述还回顾了术后患者满意度、术后护理方案及常见并发症的应对策略。