Data Sheet 1_Assessing work-related musculoskeletal disorders and psychosocial risks in bus drivers: insights from a municipal company case study in Portugal.pdf

IntroductionThe public transport sector plays a crucial role in society, offering essential services and providing employment to a significant number of drivers. Despite the importance of this sector, it is essential to recognize that drivers are exposed to various occupational risks inherent to their daily work, which can have serious implications for their health. This study aims to characterize and analyse Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) and psychosocial risks in a public transport company.
MethodsIn the initial phase of the study, a questionnaire was administered to assess musculoskeletal symptoms and psychosocial risks. In the second phase, an inertial motion capture system was used to evaluate the risk of developing WMSD.
ResultsThe results revealed a significant and concerning prevalence of burnout, with over 60% of workers reporting high or severe levels across all dimensions (i.e., personal, work-related, and client-related burnout). Depression, anxiety, and stress were within typical ranges, though a relevant percentage of participants exhibited severe and extremely severe levels of depression (7.2%), anxiety (12.2%), and stress (8%). Musculoskeletal discomfort was highly prevalent, particularly in the lower back (68.3%) and neck regions (57.2%), regarding pain over the last 12 months. Additionally, the risk of developing WMSDs was high across the various microtasks, which were analyzed across different bus lines and routes, with Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scores ranging from 4 (Medium Risk) to 7 (Very High Risk).
DiscussionBased on the results, varying bus types and routes is recommended. Programs should enhance wellbeing, and studies should assess interventions on health, stress, and occupational risks focused on enhancing worker wellbeing should be implemented, and future studies should assess the impact of interventions targeting health, stress, and occupational risks.

引言
公共交通行业在社会中扮演着至关重要的角色，不仅提供不可或缺的公共服务，还为大量驾驶员创造了就业岗位。尽管该行业地位举足轻重，但必须认识到，驾驶员在日常工作中会面临诸多固有的职业风险，这些风险会对其健康造成严重影响。本研究旨在对某公共交通企业从业者的职业性肌肉骨骼疾患（Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, WMSD）与社会心理风险进行表征与分析。

研究方法
本研究第一阶段通过发放问卷，评估受试者的肌肉骨骼症状与社会心理风险状况；第二阶段则采用惯性运动捕捉系统，对职业性肌肉骨骼疾患的发病风险进行评估。

研究结果
结果显示，职业倦怠的患病率较高且令人担忧：超过60%的从业者在个人、工作相关及服务对象相关三个维度上，均报告存在高水平或严重程度的职业倦怠。抑郁、焦虑与压力水平整体处于典型范围，但仍有相当比例的受试者表现出重度及极重度的抑郁（7.2%）、焦虑（12.2%）与压力（8%）症状。在过去12个月内，肌肉骨骼不适的患病率极高，尤以腰部（68.3%）与颈部（57.2%）疼痛最为常见。此外，通过对不同公交线路与运营路线的各类微作业任务进行分析，发现从业者罹患职业性肌肉骨骼疾患的风险普遍偏高，快速上肢评估（Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, RULA）评分介于4分（中等风险）至7分（极高风险）之间。

讨论
基于本研究结果，建议对公交车型与运营路线进行多样化调整。应推出提升从业者福祉的相关项目，同时开展针对健康、压力与职业风险的干预措施评估研究以改善从业者福祉；未来还应开展相关研究，评估针对健康、压力与职业风险的干预措施的实际效果。