Data_Sheet_1_Dietary vitamin E intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study.docx

ObjectiveCurrent evidence on the association between dietary vitamin E intake and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited. The aim of the study was to explore the association of dietary vitamin E intake with PD in the United States among adults over 40 years.
MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with data collected from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018. A total of the sample of 13,340 participants were included. To identify the different characteristics of the participants, we utilized propensity score matching (PSM) to reduce the effects of selection bias and confounding variables. Weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the association between dietary vitamin E intake and PD before and after matching. Then, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to visually describe the possible non-linear relationships. Finally, we employed the subgroup analysis to further investigate the relationship between dietary vitamin E intake and PD.
ResultsAccording to the weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, vitamin E intake was inversely associated with the risk of PD before and after matching. The results of RCS analysis revealed no non-linear inverse relationship between vitamin E intake and PD before and after matching. The subgroup analysis showed that age may influence the negative association between vitamin E and PD (P < 0.05 for interaction).
ConclusionAmong participants over 40 years of age, vitamin E intake was negatively associated with the risk of PD. Our data may support the supplementation of vitamin E to be used as an intervention strategy for the occurrence of PD.

研究目的：目前关于饮食维生素E摄入与帕金森病（Parkinson's disease, PD）发病风险之间关联的现有证据较为有限。本研究旨在探讨美国40岁以上成年人饮食维生素E摄入与帕金森病的关联。
研究方法：本研究采用横断面研究设计，使用2009-2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES）的数据，最终纳入13340名研究对象。为控制研究对象的基线特征差异，我们采用倾向得分匹配（propensity score matching, PSM）以减少选择偏倚和混杂变量的影响。分别在匹配前后，采用加权单因素及多因素logistic回归分析饮食维生素E摄入与帕金森病之间的关联；随后采用限制性立方样条（restricted cubic spline, RCS）可视化分析二者间可能存在的非线性关系；最后通过亚组分析进一步探究饮食维生素E摄入与帕金森病的关联。
研究结果：经加权的单因素及多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，匹配前后饮食维生素E摄入均与帕金森病发病风险呈负相关。限制性立方样条分析结果表明，匹配前后维生素E摄入与帕金森病发病风险之间未呈现非线性负相关关系。亚组分析结果显示，年龄可能会影响维生素E与帕金森病之间的负向关联（交互作用P<0.05）。
结论：在40岁以上的研究对象中，饮食维生素E摄入与帕金森病发病风险呈负相关。本研究结果支持将维生素E补充作为帕金森病发病的干预策略。