Data_Sheet_1_Identification of Visual Attentional Regions of the Temporoparietal Junction in Individual Subjects using a Vivid, Novel Oddball Paradigm.PDF

The Temporoparietal Junction (TPJ) of the cerebral cortex is a functionally heterogeneous region that also exhibits substantial anatomical variability across individuals. As a result, the precise functional organization of TPJ remains controversial. One or more regions within TPJ support visual attention processes, but the “attention TPJ” is difficult to functionally observe in individual subjects, and thus is typically identified by averaging across a large group of subjects. However, group-averaging also blurs localization and can obscure functional organization. Here, we develop and test an individual-subject approach to identifying attentional TPJ. This paradigm employs novel oddball images with a strong visual drive to produce robust TPJ responses in individuals. Vivid, novel oddballs drive responses in two TPJ regions bilaterally, a posterior region centered in posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus (TPJSTS) and an anterior region in ventral Supramarginal Gyrus (TPJSMG). Although an attentional reorienting task fails to drive TPJ activation in individuals, group analysis of the attentional reorienting contrast reveals recruitment of right TPJSTS, but not right TPJSMG. Similarly, right TPJSTS, as identified in individual subjects by the vivid, novel oddball contrast, is activated by attentional reorienting, but right TPJSMG is not. These findings advance an individual-subject based approach to understanding the functional organization of TPJ.

大脑皮层的颞顶联合区（Temporoparietal Junction, TPJ）是一个功能异质性脑区，同时在个体间存在显著的解剖学变异。因此，颞顶联合区精准的功能组织方式至今仍存在争议。颞顶联合区内的一个或多个亚区参与视觉注意加工，但“注意型颞顶联合区”难以在个体受试者中通过功能观测直接识别，因此通常需要通过对大量受试者的数据进行组平均来定位。然而，组平均分析不仅会模糊脑区的精准定位，还可能掩盖其真实的功能组织模式。本研究开发并验证了一种可在个体受试者水平识别注意型颞顶联合区的方法。该范式采用具有强视觉驱动性的新颖偏差刺激图像，以在个体中诱发稳定可测的颞顶联合区响应。鲜明新颖的偏差刺激可在双侧颞顶联合区诱发两个亚区的激活：一个是以颞上沟后部为中心的后部亚区（TPJSTS），另一个是位于腹侧缘上回的前部亚区（TPJSMG）。尽管注意重定向任务无法在个体受试者中诱发颞顶联合区的激活，但对注意重定向对比条件的组水平分析显示，该任务会招募右侧TPJSTS亚区，而非右侧TPJSMG亚区。类似地，通过鲜明新颖偏差刺激对比条件在个体受试者中识别出的右侧TPJSTS亚区，会被注意重定向任务激活，而右侧TPJSMG亚区则无此响应。本研究的发现为基于个体受试者水平的颞顶联合区功能组织研究提供了新的研究路径。