Antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-hyperglycemic, and antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from twelve native plants of the Yucatan coast

Looking for a biotechnical potential, aqueous extracts of leaves of 12 native species used in the Mayan traditional medicine of the coastal dune and mangrove of Yucatan (Mexico) were selected to evaluate their biological activities. Rhizophora mangle and Manilkara zapota showed the highest free radical scavenging activity (3.94 ± 0.19 and 6.42 ± 0.32 μg/mL, respectively), and the highest antihypertensive activity was obtained from Solanum donianum (0.38 μg/mL). The anti-hyperglycemic activity of these species was also tested; the highest activities were registered with R. mangle. The antimicrobial activity of Malvaviscus arboreus, S. donianum, M. zapota, and R. mangle at 10% (w/v) was positive against six human pathogenic bacteria and Bonellia macrocarpa against one pathogenic fungus. Solanum donianum, M. zapota, B. macrocarpa, and R. mangle were positive against two pathogenic plant fungi. These results show that the aqueous extracts of five native plants of the Yucatan coast have potential as antioxidants, ACE inhibitors, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, and as antimicrobials, which make their exploration for utilization in the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries a possibility.

为挖掘其生物技术应用潜力，本研究选取墨西哥尤卡坦半岛海岸沙丘与红树林带玛雅传统医药中常用的12种本土植物的叶片水提物，以评估其生物学活性。红树（Rhizophora mangle）与人心果（Manilkara zapota）展现出最高的自由基清除活性，分别为3.94±0.19 μg/mL和6.42±0.32 μg/mL；而抗高血压活性最优的样本来自多尼茄（Solanum donianum），活性值为0.38 μg/mL。此外，研究还测试了上述物种的抗高血糖活性，其中红树（R. mangle）的活性最高。针对10%（w/v）浓度下的红槿（Malvaviscus arboreus）、多尼茄（S. donianum）、人心果（M. zapota）与红树（R. mangle）的抗菌活性测试显示，其对6种人类致病细菌均呈阳性抑制效果；大果布伦奈亚（Bonellia macrocarpa）则对1种致病真菌呈现阳性抑制效果。多尼茄（Solanum donianum）、人心果（M. zapota）、大果布伦奈亚（B. macrocarpa）与红树（R. mangle）还对2种植物致病真菌呈现阳性抑制效果。本研究结果表明，尤卡坦海岸带的5种本土植物水提物具备作为抗氧化剂、血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂、α-淀粉酶与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂以及抗菌剂的应用潜力，为其在农业与医药工业中的开发利用提供了可行方向。