Sequence Alignments

Italy hosts 27 species of Dermaptera, five belonging to <i>Forficula</i>, which were never thoroughly investigated. We integrated morphological (morphometric measurements) and molecular data (mitochondrial COI, 16S and nuclear 28S, ITS2) to revise the Italian species, focusing on the endemic taxa, and on the diversity within <i>F.auricularia</i> to reveal the presence of cryptic species. Our data were integrated with those available for other West Mediterranean <i>Forficula.</i> Our results confirmed the taxonomic status of the endemic <i>F.apennina</i> and <i>F. silana</i>, that belong to different lineages but share some morphological traits. The endemic <i>Pseudochelidura</i> <i>orsinii</i> and <i>P.galvagnii</i> resulted nested within <i>Forficula</i>, and a new taxonomic arrangement is proposed (<i>Forficula orsinii</i>: <b>resurrected combination</b> and <i>Forficula galvagnii</i>: <b>new combination).</b> Molecular data revealed the presence in Pantelleria and Sardinia of <i>F.mediterranea</i>, cryptic with <i>F.auricularia</i> and reported only from Spain and Morocco. Morphometric data showed a distinction between West Mediterranean and Italian specimens of <i>F.mediterranea</i>, indicating a divergent selection within this species. This study provides new insights for the Italian Forficulidae, highlighting the importance of combining different approaches in the study of species diversity for their conservation. Indeed, <i>F.apennina</i> and <i>F.galvagnii</i> are high altitude species which seem to be affected by global warming so much to raise fears for their conservation.

意大利境内分布有27种革翅目（Dermaptera）昆虫，其中5种隶属于球螋属（Forficula），此前未得到全面系统的研究。本研究整合形态学数据（形态测量指标）与分子数据（线粒体COI、16S及核28S、ITS2基因片段），对意大利球螋类群开展分类修订，重点关注特有类群，并针对欧洲球螋（Forficula auricularia）的种内多样性展开探究，以揭示其中隐存种的存在。研究团队将本研究所得数据与其他西地中海地区球螋属物种的公开数据进行了整合分析。研究结果证实了特有物种亚平宁球螋（Forficula apennina）与西拉纳球螋（Forficula silana）的分类地位：二者虽分属不同演化支，但共享部分形态学特征。伪螯螋属（Pseudochelidura）的奥氏伪螯螋（Pseudochelidura orsinii）与加尔瓦尼伪螯螋（Pseudochelidura galvagnii）被嵌套于球螋属（Forficula）内部，据此我们提出新的分类处理方案：恢复组合为球螋属奥氏球螋（Forficula orsinii，resurrected combination），并建立新组合为球螋属加尔瓦尼球螋（Forficula galvagnii，new combination）。分子数据分析显示，在潘泰莱里亚岛与撒丁岛发现了地中海球螋（Forficula mediterranea），该种与欧洲球螋（Forficula auricularia）互为隐存种，此前仅在西班牙与摩洛哥有分布记录。形态测量学数据表明，西地中海地区与意大利境内的地中海球螋标本存在显著分化，暗示该物种内部存在适应性分化选择。本研究为意大利球螋科（Forficulidae）类群的研究提供了新的视角，强调了结合多维度研究方法开展物种多样性探究对物种保护的重要意义。事实上，亚平宁球螋（Forficula apennina）与加尔瓦尼球螋（Forficula galvagnii）均为高海拔特有物种，受全球变暖影响严重，其保护现状已引发学界担忧。