Epidemiology of injuries due to ankle sprain diagnosed in an orthopedic emergency room

ABSTRACT Objective To use magnetic resonance imaging to assess the prevalence of foot and ankle ligament injuries and fractures associated with ankle sprain and not diagnosed by x-ray. Methods We included 180 consecutive patients with a history of ankle sprain, assessed at a primary care service in a 12-month period. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were recorded and described. Results Approximately 92% of patients had some type of injury shown on the magnetic resonance imaging. We found 379 ligament injuries, 9 osteochondral injuries, 19 tendinous injuries and 51 fractures. Only 14 magnetic resonance imaging tests (7.8%) did not show any sort of injury. We observed a positive relation between injuries of the lateral complex, syndesmosis and medial ligaments. However, there was a negative correlation between ankle ligament injuries and midfoot injuries. Conclusion There was a high rate of injuries secondary to ankle sprains. We found correlation between lateral ligament injuries and syndesmosis and deltoid injuries. We did not observe a relation between deltoid and syndesmosis injuries or between lateral ligamentous and subtalar injuries. Similarly, no relation was found between ankle and midfoot injuries.

摘要
研究目的 采用磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI）评估踝关节扭伤相关且未被X线（X-ray）检出的足踝韧带损伤与骨折的患病率。
研究方法 纳入某初级保健机构12个月内就诊的180例连续性踝关节扭伤患者，记录并分析其磁共振成像检查结果。
研究结果 约92%的患者磁共振成像显示存在至少一类损伤。本次研究共检出379处韧带损伤、9处骨软骨损伤、19处肌腱损伤以及51处骨折；仅14例（7.8%）患者的磁共振成像未发现任何损伤。研究观察到外侧复合体、下胫腓联合及内侧韧带损伤之间存在正相关关系，但踝关节韧带损伤与中足损伤之间呈负相关。
研究结论 踝关节扭伤继发损伤的发生率较高。本研究发现外侧韧带损伤与下胫腓联合及三角韧带损伤存在相关性，但未观察到三角韧带与下胫腓联合损伤、外侧韧带损伤与距下关节损伤之间存在关联；此外，踝关节损伤与中足损伤之间亦无相关关系。