Enterprise Survey 2009 - Philippines

Abstract
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This research was conducted in Philippines between May and December 2009 as part of the Enterprise Survey initiative.

The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for Philippines was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into 6 manufacturing industries, 1 services industry -retail -, and two residual sectors. Each manufacturing industry had a target of 160 interviews. The services industry and the two residual sectors had a target of 120 interviews. For the manufacturing industries sample sizes were inflated by about 33% to account for potential non-response cases when requesting sensitive financial data and also because of likely attrition in future surveys that would affect the construction of a panel. An additional 85 interviews were added to the survey half way through the fieldwork. Targets were adjusted such that the manufacturing sectors' targets were increased to 160-180 interviews.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in four regions: National Capital Region excluding Manila; Manila; Region III; Region IV; and Metro-Cebu (Region VII). These are the largest population and economic centers of the Philippines. National Capital Region and Manila were split because of the large size of the National Capital Region. Metro-Cebu specifically was surveyed, rather than the whole of Region VII, for logistical reasons as this region is widespread and includes many remote and sparsely populated locations.

The sample frame used in the Philippines was obtained from the 2008 National Statistics Office of the Philippines (NSO) Register of Establishments. A key limitation in using this sample frame was the cost of access, which significantly limited the size of sample available for survey limitation. As a result of concerns over confidentiality, NSO also required that sample selection was done by 3 NSO in-house under instruction of the World Bank team in Washington D.C.This database contained the following information:
-Name of the firm
-Location
-Contact details
-ISIC code
-Number of employees.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 16% (319 out of 2022 establishments). Breaking down by industry, the following numbers of establishments were surveyed: 15 (Food) - 166, 18 (Garments) - 154, 24 (Chemicals) - 162, 25 (Plastic & Rubber) - 163, 26 (Non-metallic mineral products) - 151, 31 & 32 (Electronics) - 164, Other manufacturing - 122, Retail & IT - 117, Other services - 127.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- Screener Questionnaire.

The “Core Questionnaire” is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments - the “Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module” and the “Core Questionnaire + Retail Module.” The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
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Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of Philippines Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.

摘要
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本研究于2009年5月至12月在菲律宾进行，作为企业调查倡议的一部分。
调查的目的是从客户国的企业获取对私营部门现状的反馈，并有助于建立一个企业数据面板，以便随着时间的推移跟踪商业环境的变迁，从而实现例如改革影响的评估。通过访谈制造业和服务业的企业，调查评估了私营部门增长的制约因素，并创建了跨国家可比的具有统计显著性的商业环境指标。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正式性、商业与政府关系、创新与技术和绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对阻碍企业增长和绩效的障碍的看法。数据收集方式为面对面访谈。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单位
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研究的主要抽样单位是单位。单位是指进行商业活动、工业运营或提供服务的地方。一个企业可能由一个或多个单位组成。例如，一家啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销单位。就本调查而言，一个单位必须能够做出自己的财务决策，并拥有与其企业财务报表分开的独立财务报表。单位还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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企业调查中涵盖的总体，即总体，是非农业经济。它包括：根据ISIC修订版3.1分组分类的所有制造业部门（组D）、建筑业部门（组F）、服务业部门（组G和H）以及运输、仓储和通信部门（组I）。请注意，此人口定义排除了以下部门：金融中介（组J）、房地产业和租赁活动（组K，除子部门72，IT，该子部门已纳入研究总体之外），以及所有公共或公用事业部门。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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菲律宾的样本是通过分层随机抽样选择的。在该国使用了三个分层级别：行业、单位规模和地区。
行业分层设计如下：总体被分层为6个制造业行业、1个服务业行业——零售业——和两个剩余部门。每个制造业行业的目标为160次访谈。服务业行业和两个剩余部门的目标为120次访谈。为了应对请求敏感财务数据时的潜在非响应案例，以及未来调查中可能出现的衰减，对制造业行业的样本量进行了约33%的膨胀。在实地工作的一半时间，还额外增加了85次访谈。目标调整后，制造业部门的调查目标增加至160-180次访谈。
规模分层根据推广的标准定义进行定义：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（超过99名员工）。为了分层的目的，员工人数是根据报告的永久全职工人数量来定义的。这似乎是对劳动力的一种适当定义，因为季节性/临时/兼职就业不是一种常见的做法，除了建筑和农业部门。
地区分层定义为四个地区：不包括马尼拉的国家首都地区；马尼拉；地区III；地区IV；以及宿务大都会区（地区VII）。这些是菲律宾最大的人口和经济中心。由于国家首都地区规模庞大，因此将国家首都地区和马尼拉分开。由于该地区范围广泛，包括许多偏远和人口稀少的地区，因此具体调查了宿务大都会区，而不是整个地区VII。
在菲律宾使用的样本框架来自2008年菲律宾国家统计局（NSO）的单位登记册。使用此样本框架的一个关键限制是获取成本，这显著限制了可用于调查的样本规模。由于对保密的担忧，NSO还要求由3名NSO内部人员根据华盛顿特区的世界银行团队指令进行样本选择。该数据库包含以下信息：
-公司名称
-位置
-联系细节
-ISIC代码
-员工人数。
鉴于样本总体中包含的非合格单位可能对结果产生的影响，在计算单个观察结果的适当权重时可能需要进行调整。调查接触到的调查单位中非合格单位的确认百分比占总样本单位数量的16%（319个单位中的319个）。按行业细分，调查的单位数量如下：15（食品）-166，18（服装）-154，24（化学品）-162，25（塑料与橡胶）-163，26（非金属矿物产品）-151，31和32（电子）-164，其他制造业-122，零售与IT-117，其他服务-127。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前的调查工具如下：
- 核心问卷 + 制造业模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- 核心问卷 + 零售模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- 核心问卷 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- 筛选问卷。
“核心问卷”是企业调查的核心，包含向全球所有企业提出的问题。还有两种其他调查工具——“核心问卷 + 制造业模块”和“核心问卷 + 零售模块”。调查通过三种工具进行，以确保不向特定类型的企业提出无关问题，例如，与生产和非生产工人相关的问题不应向零售企业提出。除了在各国提出的问题外，所有调查都是定制的，并包含针对特定国家的问卷。定制的例子包括在某些国家旅游业是现有或潜在的经济增长部门时提出的与旅游业相关的问题。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正式性、商业与政府关系、创新与技术和绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对阻碍企业增长和绩效的障碍的看法。
数据清理操作
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数据录入和质量控制由承包商执行，数据以批量形式（通常为10%、50%和100%）交付给世界银行。这些数据交付被检查以确定逻辑一致性、超出范围值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查、回访和重访单位进行纠正。
响应率
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有关抽样方法、样本框架、权重、响应率和实施的完整信息，请参阅“技术文件”文件夹中的“2009年菲律宾实施描述”