祁连山综合观测网：黑河流域地表过程综合观测网（荒漠站自动气象站-2018）

该数据集包含了2018年1月1日至2018年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网下游荒漠站气象要素观测数据。站点位于内蒙古额济纳旗荒漠滩，下垫面是红砂荒漠。观测点的经纬度是100.9872E, 42.1135N，海拔1054m。空气温度、相对湿度传感器架设在5m、10m处，朝向正北；气压计安装防水箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在10m处；风速传感器架设在5m、10m处，风向传感器架设在10m处，朝向正北；四分量辐射仪安装在6m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在6m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、60cm和100cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤水分传感器分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、60cm和100cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤热流板（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处。
观测项目有：空气温湿度（Ta_5m、RH_5m、Ta_10m、RH_10m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、风速（WS_5m、WS_10m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_10m）(单位：度)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_60cm、Ms_100cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)和土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_60cm、Ts_100cm）（单位：摄氏度）。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2018-6-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称
黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al. (2011)。

This dataset contains meteorological element observation data from the downstream desert station of the Heihe River Basin Surface Process Comprehensive Observation Network, covering the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018.
The station is located in the desert beach of Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia, with the underlying surface being Reaumuria soongarica desert.
The geographic coordinates of the observation site are 100.9872°E, 42.1135°N, and the elevation is 1054 m.

Air temperature and relative humidity sensors are installed at 5 m and 10 m heights, facing true north; the barometer is installed in a waterproof enclosure; the tipping-bucket rain gauge is installed at 10 m height; wind speed sensors are installed at 5 m and 10 m heights, while the wind direction sensor is installed at 10 m height, facing true north; the four-component radiometer is installed at 6 m height, facing true south; two infrared thermometers are installed at 6 m height, facing true south with their probes pointing vertically downward; soil temperature probes are buried at 0 cm (surface) and 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, and 100 cm underground, 2 m directly south of the meteorological tower; soil moisture sensors are buried at 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, and 100 cm underground, 2 m directly south of the meteorological tower; three soil heat flux plates are sequentially buried at 6 cm underground.

Observation items include: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5m, RH_5m, Ta_10m, RH_10m) (units: degrees Celsius, percentage), atmospheric pressure (Press) (unit: hectopascal), precipitation (Rain) (unit: millimeter), wind speed (WS_5m, WS_10m) (unit: meter per second), wind direction (WD_10m) (unit: degree), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watt per square meter), surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: degrees Celsius), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: watt per square meter), soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_60cm, Ms_100cm) (unit: volumetric water content, percentage), and soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_60cm, Ts_100cm) (unit: degrees Celsius).

Data processing and quality control: (1) Ensure 144 data records per day (10-minute interval), use -6999 to mark missing data; (2) Remove duplicate time-stamped records; (3) Delete data that obviously exceeds physical limits or instrument measurement ranges; (4) Data marked in red indicate questionable values; (5) Unify the date and time format, with date and time combined in the same column, e.g., 2018-6-10 10:30; (6) The naming convention is AWS+station name.

For information about the Heihe River Comprehensive Observation Network or individual stations, please refer to Liu et al. (2018); for observation data processing procedures, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).