Table_1_Stability estimation through multivariate approach among solasodine-rich lines of Solanum khasianum (C.B. Clarke): an important industrial plant.docx

Solanum khasianum is a medicinally important plant that is a source of steroidal alkaloids ‘solasodine.’ It has various industrial applications, including oral contraceptives and other pharmaceutical uses. The present study was based on 186 germplasm of S. khasianum, which were analyzed for the stability of economically important traits like solasodine content and fruit yield. The collected germplasm was planted during Kharif 2018, 2019, and 2020 in RCBD with three replications at the experimental farm of CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam, India. A multivariate approach for stability analysis was applied to identify stable germplasm of S. khasianum for economically important traits. The germplasm was analyzed for additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), GGE biplot, multi-trait stability index, and Shukla’s variance which were evaluated for three environments. The AMMI ANOVA revealed significant GE interaction for all the studied traits. The stable and high-yielding germplasm was identified from the AMMI biplot, GGE biplot, Shukla’s variance value, and MTSI plot analysis. Lines no. 90, 85, 70, 107, and 62 were identified as highly stable fruit yielders while, lines no. 1, 146, and 68 were identified as stable high solasodine lines. However, considering both traits, i.e., high fruit yield and solasodine content, MTSI analysis was performed which showed that lines 1, 85, 70,155, 71, 114, 65, 86, 62, 116, 32, and 182 could be used in a breeding program. Thus, this identified germplasm can be considered for further varietal development and could be used in a breeding program. The findings of the present study would be beneficial for the S. khasianum breeding program.

喀西茄（Solanum khasianum）是一种兼具重要药用价值的植物，其为甾体生物碱（steroidal alkaloids）澳洲茄胺（solasodine）的天然来源，拥有多类工业应用场景，涵盖口服避孕药及其他医药用途。本研究以186份喀西茄种质资源为试验材料，针对澳洲茄胺含量、果实产量等经济重要性状的稳定性展开分析。供试种质于2018、2019及2020年的卡提夫季（Kharif），在印度阿萨姆邦乔哈特市CSIR-NEIST试验农场采用随机完全区组设计（Randomized Complete Block Design，RCBD）进行种植，设置3次生物学重复。本研究采用多变量分析方法开展稳定性评价，以筛选适配经济重要性状的稳定喀西茄种质。供试种质的稳定性分析涵盖加性主效应和乘积交互作用模型（Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction，AMMI）、GGE双标图（GGE biplot）、多性状稳定性指数（Multi-trait Stability Index，MTSI）以及舒克拉方差（Shukla’s variance），并在3种环境条件下完成全部评估。AMMI方差分析结果显示，所有供试性状均存在极显著的基因型×环境（GE）互作效应。通过AMMI双标图、GGE双标图、舒克拉方差值以及MTSI图分析，本研究筛选得到稳定且高产的喀西茄种质：其中编号90、85、70、107和62的种质被鉴定为果实产量高度稳定的品系，而编号1、146和68的种质则为澳洲茄胺含量稳定的高值品系。若同时兼顾果实产量与澳洲茄胺含量两个目标性状，本研究通过MTSI分析筛选出编号1、85、70、155、71、114、65、86、62、116、32及182的种质，可直接应用于喀西茄的育种项目。综上，本研究鉴定获得的种质可用于后续的品种培育工作，相关研究结果对喀西茄育种项目具有重要的参考与应用价值。