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Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change, yet many of their impacts on human populations are not well understood. We examine the relationship between prior extreme weather events and food environment characteristics. To do so, we conduct a U.S. county-level analysis that assesses the association between extreme weather events and two common food retail environment dimensions. Overall, we find a relationship between higher levels of historic extreme weather exposure and lower food availability and accessibility. In addition, we find heterogeneity in association across the distribution of the number of extreme weather events and event type. Specifically, we find that more localized extreme weather events are more associated with a reduction of access and availability than broad geographic events. Our findings suggest that as extreme weather events amplify in intensity and increase in frequency, new approaches for mitigating less acute and longer-term impacts are needed to address how extreme weather may interact with and reinforce existing disparities in food environment factors. Furthermore, our research argues that integrated approaches to improving vulnerable food retail environments will become an important component of extreme weather planning and should be a consideration in both disaster- and food-related policy.

气候变化导致极端天气事件的发生频率与强度持续攀升，但目前学界对其给人类社会带来的诸多影响仍缺乏充分认知。本研究聚焦既往极端天气事件与食品环境特征之间的关联。为此，我们开展了一项美国县级层面的分析，以评估极端天气事件与两类常见食品零售环境维度之间的关联。整体而言，研究发现更高的历史极端天气暴露水平与更低的食品可得性及可及性之间存在显著关联。此外，我们还发现，极端天气事件的数量分布与事件类型不同，其关联程度也存在异质性。具体而言，相较于大范围地理范围的极端天气事件，本地化程度更高的极端天气事件与食品可及性和可得性的下降关联更为紧密。本研究结果表明，随着极端天气事件强度加剧、频次增加，亟需探索新的干预路径，以缓解其非急性长期影响，从而应对极端天气如何与食品环境相关的既有不平等相互作用并加剧此类不平等的问题。此外，本研究提出，优化脆弱性食品零售环境的综合举措将成为极端天气应对规划的重要组成部分，且应在灾害相关与食品相关的政策制定中得到考量。