Fish gut microbiome of silver carp

Silver carp is an invasive fish present in the Gobindsagar reservoir, India and has a profound impact on aquaculture. Understanding taxonomic diversity and functional attributes of gut microbiota will provide insights into the important role of bacteria in metabolism of silver carp that facilitated invasion of this exotic species. Microbial composition in foregut, midgut, hindgut and water samples was analysed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The bacterial communities of water samples were distinct from gut microbiota, and unique microbial assemblages were present in different regions of gut depicting profound impact of gut environment on microflora. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phyla across all samples. Ecological network analysis showed dominance of competitive interactions within posteriors region of the gut, promoting niche specialization. Predictive functional profiling revealed the microbiota specialized in digestive functions in different regions of the gut, which also reflects the dietary profile of silver carp.

鲢鱼（Silver carp）是印度戈宾德萨加尔水库中的入侵鱼类，对水产养殖具有深远影响。解析其肠道菌群的分类多样性与功能属性，有助于深入阐明细菌在鲢鱼代谢过程中的关键作用，而该作用可促进这一外来物种的入侵。本研究采用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序技术，对鲢鱼前肠、中肠、后肠及水体样本的微生物群落组成进行了分析。结果显示，水体样本的细菌群落与肠道菌群存在显著差异，且肠道不同区域均存在独特的微生物群落结构，表明肠道环境对微生物区系具有深远影响。变形菌门（Proteobacteria）是所有样本中丰度最高的细菌门类。生态网络分析结果表明，肠道后部区域内的竞争互作占据主导地位，推动了生态位特化分化。预测性功能分析结果显示，肠道不同区域的菌群均具备针对性的消化功能，这也反映了鲢鱼的饮食特征。