Daily Axillary Temperature ΔT and Cognitive-Autonomic Patterns in Free-Living Adults: Identification of Stress-Energy Response Phenotypes in an Observational Cohort

Circadian oscillation of body temperature reflects autonomic and mitochondrial regulation orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus and clock genes (PER, CRY, CLOCK, BMAL1). The Energy Resistance Principle (ERP) proposes that energetic resistance (éR) governs energy transformation in living systems, with excess éR associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and accelerated aging. This 15-day prospective observational study examined daily axillary temperature oscillation (ΔT = night-minus-morning), a simplified 6-item cognitive-autonomic assessment (MiSBIE Brief-6), morning light exposure, and nighttime screen time as real-world correlates of allostatic load in 16 adults (9 women, 7 men; mean age 58.35 ± 7.8 years), achieving 100% adherence (239 valid daily records). Elevated ΔT (>0°C) was associated with higher composite stress load (CSL; r = 0.52; p < 0.001). K-means clustering (k=3; silhouette=0.75; Gap p<0.001) of 239 daily observations revealed three eco-physiological profiles: Cluster 1 (Low ΔT/High Recovery; n=87 observations) with ΔT=-0.188±0.091°C and MiSBIE-delta=+1.84±0.62; Cluster 2 (Neutral ΔT/Intermediate Recovery; n=98 observations) with ΔT=+0.003±0.067°C and MiSBIE-delta=+1.12±0.51; Cluster 3 (High ΔT/Minimal Recovery; n=54 observations) with ΔT=+0.214±0.104°C and MiSBIE-delta=+0.41±0.68.. Morning light exposure >15 minutes was associated with lower ΔT (β=-0.24°C; p=0.002). MiSBIE Brief-6 predicted 78% of thermal stability variance (R²=0.78; p<0.001). ΔT and MiSBIE Brief-6 capture ecological éR, supporting algorithmic frameworks for early identification of elevated éR aligned with ERP and MiSBIE. DATASET CONTENTS:- ECKO_Phase1_Dataset.csv: Raw data (239 daily observations, 16 participants)- ECKO_Phase1_Analysis.R: Complete reproducible analysis script- README.md: Comprehensive documentation and usage instructions- Data_Dictionary.md: Detailed variable definitions and measurement protocols- CHANGELOG.md: Version history VARIABLES:- Participant: Anonymous ID (P01-P16)- Day: Study day (1-15)- DeltaT_night_minus_morning: ΔT in °C- MiSBIE_delta: Daily symptom change (available for ~100 observations)- Morning_Light_min: Light exposure >1000 lux (minutes)- Screen_Time_h: Nighttime screen exposure (hours)- Cluster: Assigned cluster (1, 2, or 3) METHODOLOGY:Clustering performed on ΔT alone (n=239 complete observations). MiSBIE Brief-6 assessed on days 1, 7, 15 (mandatory) plus optional days, resulting in 41.8% coverage. MiSBIE-delta used descriptively to characterize cluster symptom recovery patterns. PREPRINT:https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.11.25339837 All analyses performed in R 4.4.1. Complete reproduction instructions in README.md.昼夜节律体温振荡反映了由视交叉上核（suprachiasmatic nucleus）与时钟基因（PER、CRY、CLOCK、BMAL1）协同调控的自主神经与线粒体功能调节。能量抵抗原理（Energy Resistance Principle, ERP）提出，能量抵抗（energetic resistance, éR）主导生命系统的能量转换过程，过量éR与氧化应激、炎症反应及衰老加速密切相关。 本项为期15天的前瞻性观察研究纳入16名成人受试者（9名女性、7名男性，平均年龄58.35±7.8岁），以每日腋下体温振荡值（ΔT=夜间-晨间体温差）、简化版6项认知-自主神经评估量表（MiSBIE Brief-6）、晨间光照暴露时长及夜间屏幕使用时长作为现实场景中稳态负荷（allostatic load）的关联指标，最终实现100%的研究依从性，共获得239份有效每日记录。 体温差升高（>0℃）与更高的复合应激负荷（composite stress load, CSL）呈显著正相关（r=0.52；p<0.001）。对239份每日记录进行K均值聚类（k=3；轮廓系数silhouette=0.75；Gap检验p<0.001），共得到3种生态生理特征集群：集群1（低ΔT/高恢复型；n=87份记录），其ΔT为-0.188±0.091℃，MiSBIE差值为+1.84±0.62；集群2（中等ΔT/中等恢复型；n=98份记录），其ΔT为+0.003±0.067℃，MiSBIE差值为+1.12±0.51；集群3（高ΔT/低恢复型；n=54份记录），其ΔT为+0.214±0.104℃，MiSBIE差值为+0.41±0.68。晨间光照暴露时长超过15分钟与更低的ΔT显著相关（β=-0.24℃；p=0.002）。MiSBIE Brief-6可解释78%的体温稳定性变异度（R²=0.78；p<0.001）。ΔT与MiSBIE Brief-6可反映生态场景下的éR水平，为符合ERP理论与MiSBIE量表的过量éR早期识别算法框架提供了支持依据。 ### 数据集内容 - ECKO_Phase1_Dataset.csv：原始数据（239份每日记录，16名受试者） - ECKO_Phase1_Analysis.R：完整可复现分析脚本 - README.md：全面的文档说明与使用指南 - Data_Dictionary.md：详细的变量定义与测量方案 - CHANGELOG.md：版本更新历史 ### 变量说明 - Participant：匿名受试者编号（P01-P16） - Day：研究天数（1-15） - DeltaT_night_minus_morning：ΔT，单位为℃ - MiSBIE_delta：每日症状变化值（约100份记录可获取该指标） - Morning_Light_min：晨间光照暴露时长（光照强度>1000 lux，单位为分钟） - Screen_Time_h：夜间屏幕暴露时长（单位为小时） - Cluster：分配得到的集群编号（1、2或3） ### 研究方法 本研究仅基于ΔT对239份完整每日记录进行聚类分析。MiSBIE Brief-6分别在第1、7、15天进行强制性评估，亦可选择在其余天数施测，最终该指标的有效覆盖比例为41.8%。MiSBIE差值仅用于描述性分析，以表征各集群的症状恢复特征。 ### 预印本 https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.11.11.25339837 所有分析均基于R 4.4.1完成，完整的复现步骤详见README.md文件。