黑河流域地表过程综合观测网（张掖湿地站自动气象站-2023）

该数据集包含了2023年1月1日至2023年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网中游张掖湿地站气象要素观测数据。站点位于甘肃省张掖市国家湿地公园，下垫面是芦苇湿地。观测点的经纬度是100.4464E, 38.9751N，海拔1460m。空气温度、相对湿度传感器架设在5m、10m处，朝向正北；气压计安装在2m处；翻斗式雨量计安装在10m处；风速传感器架设在5m、10m处，风向传感器架设在10m处，朝向正北；四分量辐射仪安装在6m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在6m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤热流板（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处；四个光合有效辐射仪分别架设在冠层上方和冠层内，冠层上方安装在6m（探头垂直向上和向下方向各一个）、冠层内安装在0.25m（探头垂直向上和向下方向各一个）高处，朝向正南。
观测项目有：空气温湿度（Ta_5m、RH_5m、Ta_10m、RH_10m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、风速（WS_5m、WS_10m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_10m）(单位：度)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm）(单位：摄氏度)、冠层上向上与向下光合有效辐射（PAR_U_up、PAR_U_down）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)和冠层下向上与向下光合有效辐射（PAR_D_up、PAR_D_down）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2023-6-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称
黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)和Liu et al. (2023)。

This dataset contains meteorological element observation data from the Zhangye Wetland Station in the middle reaches of the Comprehensive Observation Network for Land Surface Processes in the Heihe River Basin, covering the period from January 1 to December 31, 2023.
The station is located in the National Wetland Park of Zhangye City, Gansu Province, with a reed wetland as the underlying surface.
The observation site is at 100.4464°E, 38.9751°N, at an altitude of 1460 meters.
Air temperature and relative humidity sensors are installed at 5m and 10m heights, facing north; barometers are installed at 2m; tipping bucket rain gauges are installed at 10m; wind speed sensors are installed at 5m and 10m heights, and wind direction sensors are installed at 10m, facing north; four-component radiometers are installed at 6m height, facing south; two infrared thermometers are installed at 6m height, facing south, with probes pointing vertically downward; soil temperature probes are buried at 0cm (surface), 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, and 40cm underground, 2m south of the meteorological tower; three soil heat flux plates are buried sequentially at 6cm underground; four photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors are installed above and within the canopy: two above the canopy at 6m height (one probe pointing vertically upward and one downward) and two within the canopy at 0.25m height (one probe pointing vertically upward and one downward), all facing south.

Observation items include: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5m, RH_5m, Ta_10m, RH_10m) (units: °C, %); air pressure (Press) (unit: hPa); precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm); wind speed (WS_5m, WS_10m) (unit: m/s); wind direction (WD_10m) (unit: °); four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: W/m²); surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: °C); soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: W/m²); soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm) (unit: °C); upward and downward PAR above the canopy (PAR_U_up, PAR_U_down) (unit: μmol/(m²·s)); and upward and downward PAR below the canopy (PAR_D_up, PAR_D_down) (unit: μmol/(m²·s)).

Processing and quality control of observation data: (1) Ensure 144 data points per day (every 10 minutes); missing data are marked with -6999. (2) Remove moments with duplicate records. (3) Delete data that are obviously beyond physical meaning or instrument range. (4) Data marked in red are questionable. (5) The date and time format is unified, with date and time in the same column (e.g., time: 2023-6-10 10:30). (6) Naming rule: AWS + station name.

For information about the Heihe Comprehensive Observation Network or the station, please refer to Liu et al. (2018) and Liu et al. (2023).