Representation and Retrieval of Arithmetical Facts, 1996-1998

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P><br>Developmental disorders of arithmetical ability are frequently seen in children of normal intelligence who have no known medical history of relevance. A recent study reports an incidence of 4%. Three forms of the disorder have previously been identified, relevant to the structure of the underlying cognitive system. One of these involves disproportionate difficulty in the acquisition of arithmetical facts and tables. This project addresses several questions emerging from cognitive psychology, regarding fact retrieval, which can be addressed by studying those with selective difficulties.<br>
The specific aims and objectives of the study were :<br>
to determine whether fact retrieval seems to be an automated system devoid of semantic activation;<br>
to determine whether quality of fact retrieval is related to speed of counting and/or short term memory span;<br>
to determine whether there is delayed speed of access to arithmetical facts in those with number fact disorders;<br>
to determine whether spatial dyscalculia is evident among children with developmental disorders of arithmetic, including those with spatial problems in non-arithmetical systems;<br>
to conduct an exploratory investigation of the developmental arithmetical disorder seen in William's Syndrome.<br><B>Main Topics</B>:<BR><br>The dataset contains the results from testing the normal children, the children with Turner's Syndrome, the children with number fact developmental dyscalculia and the children with William's Syndrome on a range of psychological measures. The measures relate to abilities in arithmetic, short term memory, counting, speed of speech, knowledge and speed of recall of automated sequences and speed of naming.

<P>摘要版权归英国数据服务（UK Data Service）及数据收集版权所有者所有。</P><br>算术能力发展障碍常见于智力正常且无相关已知病史的儿童，近期一项研究报告其发病率为4%。此前已识别出该障碍的三种类型，均与潜在认知系统的结构相关，其中一种表现为获取算术事实与表格时存在显著困难。本项目旨在解决认知心理学中关于事实提取（fact retrieval）的若干问题，这些问题可通过研究存在选择性困难的个体得以探讨。<br>本研究的具体目的与目标如下：<br>确定事实提取是否为缺乏语义激活的自动化系统；<br>确定事实提取质量是否与计数速度和/或短时记忆广度相关；<br>确定数字事实障碍患者在获取算术事实时是否存在速度延迟；<br>确定空间性计算障碍（spatial dyscalculia）在算术发展障碍儿童中是否显著，包括那些在非算术系统中存在空间问题的儿童；<br>对威廉姆斯综合征（William's Syndrome）患者中观察到的算术发展障碍进行探索性研究。<br><B>主要主题</B>:<BR><br>数据集包含对正常儿童、特纳综合征（Turner's Syndrome）儿童、数字事实发展性计算障碍儿童及威廉姆斯综合征儿童开展一系列心理测评的结果。测评内容涉及算术能力、短时记忆、计数、言语速度、自动化序列的知识与回忆速度以及命名速度。