Table_3_Amorphophallus muelleri activates ferulic acid and phenylpropane biosynthesis pathways to defend against Fusarium solani infection.xlsx

Amorphophallus sp. is an economically important crop for rural revitalization in southwest China. However, Fusarium solani often infects Amorphophallus sp. corms during storage, damaging the corm quality and affecting leaf elongation and flowering in the subsequent crop. In this study, the mechanism of resistance to F. solani was investigated in the leaf bud and flower bud corms of Amorphophallus muelleri through transcriptome and metabolome analyses. A total of 42.52 Gb clean reads and 1,525 metabolites were detected in a total of 12 samples including 3 samples each of disease-free leaf bud corms (LC), leaf bud corms inoculated with F. solani for three days (LD), disease-free flower bud corms (FC), and flower bud corms inoculated with F. solani for three days (FD). Transcriptome, metabolome, and conjoint analyses showed that ‘MAPK signal transduction’, ‘plant-pathogen interaction’, ‘plant hormone signal transduction’, and other secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, including ‘phenylpropane biosynthesis’, ‘arachidonic acid metabolism’, ‘stilbene, diarylheptane and gingerolin biosynthesis’, and ‘isoquinoline alkaloids biosynthesis’, among others, were involved in the defense response of A. muelleri to F. solani. Ultimately, the expression of six genes of interest (AmCDPK20, AmRBOH, AmWRKY33, Am4CL, Am POD and AmCYP73A1) was validated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the results indicated that these genes were involved in the response of A. muelleri to F. solani. Ferulic acid inhibited the growth of F. solani, reducing the harm caused by F. solani to A. muelleri corms to a certain extent. Overall, this study lays a strong foundation for further investigation of the interaction between A. muelleri and F. solani, and provides a list of genes for the future breeding of F. solani-resistant A. muelleri cultivars.

魔芋属（Amorphophallus）物种是我国西南地区乡村振兴的重要经济作物。然而茄病镰孢（Fusarium solani）常在贮藏期侵染魔芋属物种的球茎，不仅降低球茎品质，还会影响后续植株的叶片伸长与开花进程。
本研究以珠芽魔芋（Amorphophallus muelleri）的叶芽球茎与花芽球茎为试验材料，通过转录组（transcriptome）与代谢组（metabolome）分析，解析其抵御茄病镰孢的抗性机制。
本研究共设置12份样本，涵盖健康叶芽球茎（LC）、接种茄病镰孢3天的叶芽球茎（LD）、健康花芽球茎（FC）以及接种茄病镰孢3天的花芽球茎（FD）各3份；最终共检测到42.52 Gb的干净读段（clean reads）与1525种代谢物。
转录组、代谢组及联合分析结果显示，MAPK信号转导（MAPK signal transduction）、植物-病原体互作、植物激素信号转导通路，以及苯丙烷生物合成、花生四烯酸代谢、芪类、二芳基庚烷与姜辣素生物合成、异喹啉生物碱生物合成等次生代谢产物生物合成通路，均参与了珠芽魔芋对茄病镰孢的防御响应过程。
本研究通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应验证了6个目标基因（AmCDPK20、AmRBOH、AmWRKY33、Am4CL、AmPOD及AmCYP73A1）的表达水平，结果证实这些基因均参与了珠芽魔芋对茄病镰孢的应答过程。
阿魏酸可抑制茄病镰孢的生长，在一定程度上减轻其对珠芽魔芋球茎的危害。
综上，本研究为深入解析珠芽魔芋与茄病镰孢的互作机制奠定了坚实基础，同时为抗茄病镰孢的珠芽魔芋品种选育提供了候选基因列表。