Supplementary information files for "Food insecurity and maternal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: associations over time among low income communities"

Supplementary files for article "Tracking and changes in the clustering of physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and sleep across childhood and adolescence: A systematic review"IntroductionClusters of health behaviors (e.g. physical activity/sedentary behavior/diet/sleep) can exert synergistic influences on health outcomes, such as obesity. Understanding how clusters of health behaviors change throughout childhood and adolescence is essential for developing interventions aimed at uncoupling unhealthy behaviors. This review synthesizes prospective studies examining changes in clusters of physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and sleep through childhood and adolescence.MethodsElectronic searches (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus) identified prospective studies, published in English up to/including January 2024, of children/adolescents (0-19 years) which used data-driven methods to identify clusters of 2/more behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behaviors, diet, sleep) at multiple timepoints. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to methodological heterogeneity.ResultsEighteen studies reporting data from 26,772 individual participants were included. Eleven studies determined clusters at each timepoint (i.e. identified clusters at T1 and T2, respectively), while seven determined clusters longitudinally using behavioral data across multiple timepoints. Among studies that identified clusters at each timepoint, participants commonly transitioned to similarly characterized clusters between timepoints. Where cluster tracking was examined, 64% of clusters had stable transition probabilities of 60-100%. The most prevalent longitudinal cluster trajectories were characterized by co-occurring healthy behaviors which remained stable. Remaining within unhealthy clusters at multiple timepoints was associated with higher markers of adiposity.Conclusion‘Healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ clusters remained highly stable over time, suggesting behavioral patterns developed early can become entrenched and resistant to change. Interventions focused on instilling healthy behaviors early are required to provide a strong foundation for behavioral stability throughout life.© The Author(s), CC BY 4.0

论文《儿童期与青少年期体力活动、久坐行为、饮食与睡眠的聚类追踪与变化：一项系统综述》补充材料

引言：健康行为聚类（clustering，如体力活动/久坐行为/饮食/睡眠）可对肥胖等健康结局产生协同影响。明确儿童期与青少年期健康行为聚类的变化规律，对于开发旨在打破不健康行为关联的干预措施至关重要。本综述整合了针对儿童期至青少年期体力活动、久坐行为、饮食与睡眠聚类变化的前瞻性研究。

方法：通过电子检索（PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Scopus），筛选截至2024年1月（含当日）以英文发表的、针对0-19岁儿童/青少年的前瞻性研究。此类研究需采用数据驱动方法（data-driven methods），在多个时间点识别出2种及以上行为（体力活动、久坐行为、饮食、睡眠）的聚类。鉴于研究方法存在异质性（methodological heterogeneity），本综述采用叙述性合成法（narrative synthesis）进行整合。

结果：本综述共纳入18项研究，涉及26772名独立参与者。其中11项研究在每个时间点分别确定聚类（即分别在T1与T2时间点识别聚类），另有7项研究通过跨多个时间点的行为数据进行纵向聚类识别。在各时间点分别识别聚类的研究中，参与者通常会在时间点间过渡至特征相似的聚类。在针对聚类追踪性的分析中，64%的聚类具有60%-100%的稳定过渡概率。最常见的纵向聚类轨迹以持续稳定的共现健康行为为特征。在多个时间点均处于不健康聚类的参与者，其肥胖相关标志物水平通常更高。

结论：“健康”与“不健康”的行为聚类随时间推移仍保持高度稳定性，这表明早期形成的行为模式可能会根深蒂固且难以改变。因此亟需开展聚焦于早期培育健康行为的干预措施，为终身行为稳定性奠定坚实基础。
© 作者，CC BY 4.0 许可