Factors influencing LVC in healthy adults (Werden Abrams et al., 2023)

Purpose: Our study aims were (a) to examine laryngeal vestibular closure (LVC) temporal measures in healthy adults across tasks used in the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) protocol to establish normative reference values and (b) to examine influences of age, gender, and swallow task on LVC temporal measures.Method: A retrospective analysis of 195 healthy adults (85 men, 110 women; age range: 21–89 years) who participated in a videofluoroscopic swallowing study was completed. Seven swallow tasks of standardized viscosities and volumes, as per the MBSImP protocol, were analyzed to measure time-to-LVC and LVC duration (LVCd). Descriptive statistics were employed for all measures of interest. Regression modeling was used to explore relationships between LVC temporal measures (time-to-LVC, LVCd) with age, gender, and swallow task. The relationship between time-to-LVC and LVCd was also explored.Results: Significant findings included an increasing trend in LVCd across age (older individuals had a longer LVCd), with women demonstrating a greater increase. Related to viscosity, LVCd was significantly shorter for pudding compared to thin liquid. Furthermore, when compared to 5-ml tasks, LVCd was significantly longer in cup tasks, while time-to-LVC was significantly shorter. An association was also observed between time-to-LVC and LVCd: As time-to-LVC decreased, LVCd increased.Conclusions: LVCd was influenced by age, gender, and swallow task. Longer time-to-LVC was observed in older individuals, particularly older women, and with thin liquids. Study findings contribute to adult normative reference values for LVC temporal measures (time-to-LVC and LVCd) across MBSImP swallowing tasks.Supplemental Material S1. Descriptive analyses across age category, gender, and swallow tasks.Werden Abrams, S., Petersen, C., Beall, J., Namasivayam-MacDonald, A., Choi, D., & (Focht) Garand, K. L. (2023). Factors influencing laryngeal vestibular closure in healthy adults. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 66(10), 3844–3855. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00741

研究目的：本研究旨在(a) 针对健康成人，在改良钡餐吞咽障碍评估量表（Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile, MBSImP）方案所采用的各项吞咽任务中，检测喉前庭闭合（laryngeal vestibular closure, LVC）的时序参数，以建立标准化参考值；(b) 探究年龄、性别与吞咽任务对喉前庭闭合时序参数的影响。
研究方法：本研究对195名参与过电视透视吞咽检查的健康成人（85名男性，110名女性；年龄范围21~89岁）开展回顾性分析。按照MBSImP方案，对7项标准化黏度与容量的吞咽任务进行分析，测量喉前庭闭合启动时间（time-to-LVC）与喉前庭闭合持续时长（LVC duration, LVCd）。对所有关注指标采用描述性统计分析，并通过回归建模探究喉前庭闭合时序参数（time-to-LVC、LVCd）与年龄、性别、吞咽任务之间的关联，同时分析喉前庭闭合启动时间与持续时长之间的相关性。
研究结果：主要发现包括：喉前庭闭合持续时长随年龄增长呈上升趋势，老年个体的喉前庭闭合持续时长更长，且女性群体的上升幅度更为显著。与食团黏度相关的结果显示，布丁样食团的LVCd显著短于稀薄液体食团。此外，与5ml剂量吞咽任务相比，杯状器具吞咽任务的LVCd显著更长，而喉前庭闭合启动时间则显著更短。同时观察到喉前庭闭合启动时间与持续时长之间存在负相关关联：喉前庭闭合启动时间越短，喉前庭闭合持续时长越长。
研究结论：喉前庭闭合持续时长受年龄、性别与吞咽任务的影响。老年个体（尤其是老年女性）以及稀薄液体食团对应的喉前庭闭合启动时间更长。本研究结果为MBSImP吞咽任务下健康成人的喉前庭闭合时序参数（喉前庭闭合启动时间、LVCd）提供了成人标准化参考值。
补充材料S1：按年龄类别、性别与吞咽任务划分的描述性分析结果。
Werden Abrams, S., Petersen, C., Beall, J., Namasivayam-MacDonald, A., Choi, D., & (Focht) Garand, K. L. (2023). 健康成人喉前庭闭合的影响因素. 《言语、语言与听力研究杂志》, 66(10), 3844–3855. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00741