Anurans of the Parque Estadual do Mirador, a remnant of Cerrado in the state of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil

Abstract The Cerrado is one of the most threatened biomes in Brazil. It is estimated that much of its original vegetation has been replaced by some type of human use. This is quite worrying, mainly in the northern part where the number of wildlife inventories is insufficient and creates the false impression of low diversity in the region. The Parque Estadual do Mirador-PEM, located in the south-central region of the state of Maranhão, presents vegetation typical of the Cerrado biome and corresponds to one of 46 priority areas for conservation in the state. Herein, we describe the species richness and composition of the anurofauna from the PEM and analyze the influence of different types of vegetation in its formation. Our inventory was conducted from December 2013 to February 2015, using the active search and auditory census methods on breeding sites in different water bodies of the park. We recorded 31 anuran species belonging to five families (species number in parentheses): Leptodactylidae (14), Hylidae (12), Bufonidae (3), Microhylidae (1) and Phyllomedusidae (1). The rarefaction curve and species richness estimators indicated that the sampling effort was enough to record most of the species in the region. The richness of anurans in the PEM was higher than reported by other authors for several areas of Cerrado. Most species have a wide distribution in Brazil or are strongly associated with the Caatinga or Amazon biomes. Only about 19% are endemic to the Cerrado biome. This study is the first to inventory the anurans species of the south-central region of state of Maranhão and provides important data on amphibian communities from the northern part of the Brazilian Cerrado.

摘要：塞拉多（Cerrado）是巴西受威胁程度最高的生物群系之一。据估算，其原生植被已有大部分被各类人类用地取代。这一现状令人忧心，尤以北部区域为甚——该区域野生动物调查数据匮乏，反而营造出当地生物多样性水平偏低的假象。

位于马拉尼昂州中南部的米拉杜尔州立公园（Parque Estadual do Mirador-PEM，下称PEM）拥有典型的塞拉多植被，是该州46个优先保护区域之一。本研究记述了PEM内无尾两栖类动物区系（anurofauna）的物种丰富度与组成结构，并分析了不同植被类型对其群落形成的影响。

本次调查于2013年12月至2015年2月开展，针对公园内不同水体的繁殖位点，采用主动搜寻法与听觉普查法进行数据采集。研究共记录到隶属于5个科的31种无尾两栖类（各科物种数见括号标注）：细趾蟾科（Leptodactylidae，14种）、雨蛙科（Hylidae，12种）、蟾蜍科（Bufonidae，3种）、姬蛙科（Microhylidae，1种）以及叶泡蛙科（Phyllomedusidae，1种）。

稀疏曲线与物种丰富度估计器结果表明，本次采样投入足以记录该区域的绝大多数物种。PEM内的无尾两栖类丰富度高于此前其他学者针对塞拉多多个区域的报道结果。多数物种在巴西境内分布广泛，或与卡廷加（Caatinga）、亚马逊（Amazon）生物群系具有极强的生境关联性；仅约19%的物种为塞拉多生物群系特有种。

本研究是首次针对马拉尼昂州中南部区域开展的无尾两栖类调查，可为巴西塞拉多北部区域的两栖动物群落研究提供重要数据支撑。