Data Sheet 1_Social behavioral analysis of the influence of residential area and grade on pupils’ myopia rate: a cross-sectional survey in Nanjing, China.xlsx

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the prevalence of myopia among pupils in different residential areas (city center, nearby suburbs, and far suburbs) and grade levels (lower, middle, and upper), analyzing social behaviors and risk factors to guide early intervention.
MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted with elementary students across various regions in Nanjing. A total of 2,342 valid questionnaires were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify and assess risk factors for myopia and their variations across regions and grade levels.
ResultsThe survey revealed an overall myopia prevalence of 35.65% (95% CI = 33.71–37.59) among pupils in Nanjing, with the highest rate observed in nearby suburbs (41.34, 95% CI = 38.37–44.31). Myopia prevalence increased with grade level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified 8 significant risk factors for myopia, including visual fatigue, frequent eye rubbing, late bedtimes, heavy study burdens, insufficient time spent outdoors, insufficient device breaks, mobile phone use, and infrequent vision checks. Risk factors for myopia varied by region and grade level. Common risk factors across all groups included visual fatigue and infrequent vision checks. City center exhibited unique risk factors, such as late bedtimes and insufficient time spent outdoors. Nearby suburbs displayed unique risk factors, including heavy study burdens and entertainment-oriented electronic device use. Far suburbs displayed a unique risk factor in the prevalent use of mobile phones. Besides, lower grade students showed notably higher entertainment-oriented electronic device use, while upper grade students were more likely to have late bedtimes and insufficient device breaks.
ConclusionDifferent social behavioral factors play a key role in the occurrence of myopia among pupils in different regions and grades, and targeted intervention measures need to be developed based on regional characteristics and grade level features.

研究目的：本研究旨在调查不同居住区（市中心、近郊及远郊）与不同年级（低、中、高年级）小学生的近视患病率，分析相关社会行为与危险因素，为近视早期干预提供依据。
研究方法：本研究针对南京市各区域小学生开展横断面调查，共回收有效问卷2342份。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析，识别并评估近视危险因素及其在不同区域、年级间的分布差异。
研究结果：本次调查显示，南京市小学生总体近视患病率为35.65%（95%置信区间[Confidence Interval, CI] = 33.71–37.59），其中近郊患病率最高，达41.34%（95% CI = 38.37–44.31）。近视患病率随年级升高呈上升趋势。多因素logistic回归分析共筛选出8项具有统计学意义的近视危险因素，包括视觉疲劳、频繁揉眼、就寝时间过晚、学习负担过重、户外活动时长不足、未定期中断电子设备使用、手机使用以及未定期进行视力检查。近视危险因素在不同区域与年级间存在异质性：所有组别共有的危险因素为视觉疲劳与未定期视力检查；市中心区域特有危险因素包括就寝时间过晚与户外活动时长不足；近郊区域特有危险因素为学习负担过重与娱乐类电子设备使用；远郊区域特有危险因素为手机使用频次偏高。此外，低年级学生娱乐类电子设备使用比例显著更高，而高年级学生更易出现就寝时间过晚及未定期中断电子设备使用的情况。
研究结论：不同社会行为因素在不同区域、不同年级小学生的近视发生过程中扮演关键角色，需结合区域特征与年级特点制定针对性干预方案。