Supplementary information files for Accuracy, cost and sensitivity analysis of PV energy rating

Supplementary files for article Accuracy, cost and sensitivity analysis of PV energy rating. We present an analysis of the accuracy and cost of energy rating of photovoltaic modules. We identify the prominent sources of uncertainty and demonstrate that good estimates of energy rating can be made with a reduced set of measurements, thereby reducing cost. The energy rating standards IEC 61853 parts 1–4 provide a method for differentiating the expected performance of photovoltaic modules under real-world conditions. It combines a comprehensive set of measurements on modules with a numerical model to produce performance ratings for different reference climates. We have developed a simulation tool to explore the sensitivity of energy rating to various factors, including an uncertainty model developed from a survey of accredited test and calibration laboratories. The set of 22 performance-matrix measurements required by the standard do not span the full range of conditions experienced in the reference climates. Nevertheless, we find that extrapolation and interpolation of the measurements is sufficiently accurate for different module types. Indeed, the number of measurements can be significantly reduced without adversely affecting accuracy. We find that the overall accuracy of energy rating is similar to that of power output at standard test conditions. A sensitivity analysis identified the most important sources of uncertainty to be the measurement of irradiance and the nominal module operating temperature.<br>

文章《光伏能源评级的准确性、成本与敏感性分析》的补充文件。我们对光伏组件能源评级的准确性与成本展开分析，明确了不确定性的主要来源，并证明通过精简测量数据集即可获得可靠的能源评级估算结果，进而降低成本。能源评级标准IEC 61853第1-4部分提供了一种区分光伏组件在实际工况下预期性能的方法，该标准将组件的全面测量数据集与数值模型相结合，针对不同参考气候生成性能评级。我们开发了一款模拟工具，用于探究能源评级对多种因素的敏感性，其中包括基于认可测试与校准实验室调研构建的不确定性模型。标准要求的22项性能矩阵测量数据集并未覆盖参考气候中所有实际工况范围，然而我们发现，对测量数据进行外推与内插处理，对于不同类型组件而言精度已足够可靠。我们还发现，能源评级的整体准确性与标准测试条件下的功率输出准确性相近；敏感性分析表明，不确定性的最主要来源为辐照度测量与组件标称工作温度。