The impact of heavy metal pollution on birds' behaviour and cognition: a comprehensive review

Description of the data and file structure Description: This dataset compiles raw data extracted from peer-reviewed studies included in a Biological Reviews synthesis examining the effects of heavy metal exposure on avian behaviour and cognition. Variables: Short_citationShort reference for the article, typically including first author and publication year. APA_citationFull bibliographic reference formatted according to APA guidelines. TitleTitle of the published article. Publication_yearYear in which the article was published. OrderTaxonomic order of the studied species. SpeciesScientific name of the studied species. LocationCountry of the research team that conducted the study and published the article. Metal_exposed_toHeavy metal(s) to which the studied individuals were exposed. Pop_housing_conditionHousing condition of individuals during the study:captive (born and studied in captivity),wild (studied in situ), orwild-caught (captured from the wild and then studied in captivity). Lifestage_indivs_when_first_exposedLife stage of individuals (egg, chick, adult) at first exposure to the focal heavy metal(s). Age_indivs_when_first_exposedAge of individuals at first exposure, when available, reported in days (d), weeks (w), months (m), or years (y). Exposure_durationDuration of heavy metal exposure, reported in days (d), weeks (w), months (m), or years (y). Exposure_frequencyFrequency at which heavy metal doses were administered (e.g. daily vs. one or multiple discrete exposure events). Lifestage_indiv_when_testedLife stage of individuals (egg, chick, immature, adult) at the time of behavioural or cognitive testing. Age_indivs_when_testedAge of individuals at first testing, reported in days (d), weeks (w), months (m), or years (y). Sex_individualSex of tested individuals:M = males, F = females, B = both sexes. Method_briefGeneral methodological approach used to assess effects of heavy metal exposure on behaviour or cognition:comparison between experimental groups,correlation between internal concentrations and behaviour, orcomparison between naturally exposed populations. Method_nb_groupsNumber of groups or populations compared (e.g. experimental groups, treatment levels, or populations). Method_detailsAdditional methodological information relevant to the study design. Total_sample_sizeTotal number of individuals included in the study. Exposure_dosageDose of heavy metal administered or encountered (experimentally or naturally). Units are reported as in the original publication, with no unit conversion. Multiple values indicate multiple exposure groups. NA indicates natural exposure without administered doses. Exposure_methodMethod used to administer the heavy metal (e.g. diet, osmotic minipump, injection). Pollutant_measuredHeavy metal(s) for which internal concentrations were measured. NA indicates no internal measurements. Concentration_measured_inBiological matrix in which heavy metal concentrations were measured (e.g.: blood, feathers, brain). Pollutant_measured_mean_concentrationMean measured concentration of the pollutant, reported in original units. Multiple values correspond to multiple groups or sampling times. Behaviour_endpointBehavioural or cognitive endpoint assessed. Variable_measuredSpecific variable quantified to assess the behavioural or cognitive endpoint. Main_resultBrief description of the main finding of the study. Effect_directionDirection of the observed effect: positive, negative, or none. Effect_significanceStatistical significance of the observed effect based on a 0.05 threshold:S = significant, NS = non-significant, AS = almost significant. CommentsAdditional remarks, clarifications, or notes relevant to the study or data extraction.数据与文件结构说明 数据集说明：本数据集汇编了《生物学综述》（Biological Reviews）一篇关于重金属暴露对鸟类行为与认知影响的综合综述研究中纳入的同行评议论文的原始提取数据。 变量说明： 简短引文（Short_citation）：文章的简短参考文献，通常包含第一作者与发表年份。 APA格式引文（APA_citation）：按照美国心理学会（APA）规范编排的完整参考文献著录。 文章标题（Title）：已发表文章的标题。 发表年份（Publication_year）：文章的发表年份。 分类目（Order）：研究物种的生物分类目阶元。 物种学名（Species）：研究物种的科学命名。 研究团队所属国家（Location）：开展研究并发表文章的研究团队所在国家。 暴露重金属种类（Metal_exposed_to）：研究个体所暴露的重金属类型。 个体饲养条件（Pop_housing_condition）：研究期间个体的饲养环境，分为圈养（人工繁育并于圈养环境中开展研究）、野生（原位野外研究）、野生捕获（从野外捕获后于圈养环境中开展研究）三类。 首次暴露时的生命阶段（Lifestage_indivs_when_first_exposed）：研究个体首次暴露于目标重金属时的生命阶段，包括卵、雏鸟、成体。 首次暴露时的年龄（Age_indivs_when_first_exposed）：若有记录，研究个体首次暴露时的年龄，以日（d）、周（w）、月（m）或年（y）为单位报告。 暴露时长（Exposure_duration）：重金属暴露的持续时长，以日（d）、周（w）、月（m）或年（y）为单位报告。 暴露频率（Exposure_frequency）：重金属暴露剂量的施加频率，例如每日一次，或单次/多次离散暴露事件。 测试时的生命阶段（Lifestage_indiv_when_tested）：研究个体接受行为或认知测试时的生命阶段，包括卵、雏鸟、亚成体、成体。 首次测试时的年龄（Age_indivs_when_tested）：研究个体首次接受测试时的年龄，以日（d）、周（w）、月（m）或年（y）为单位报告。 受试个体性别（Sex_individual）：受试个体的性别，其中M=雄性，F=雌性，B=雌雄兼具。 核心研究方法（Method_brief）：用于评估重金属暴露对行为或认知影响的通用研究路径，分为实验组间比较、体内重金属浓度与行为的相关性分析、自然暴露种群间比较三类。 比较组别/种群数量（Method_nb_groups）：研究所比较的组别或种群数量，例如实验组、处理梯度组或野外种群。 补充方法学信息（Method_details）：与研究设计相关的额外方法学说明。 总样本量（Total_sample_size）：研究纳入的总个体数。 暴露剂量（Exposure_dosage）：个体所施加或自然接触的重金属剂量（实验或自然暴露场景下），单位与原始文献一致，未进行单位转换。多值代表存在多个暴露组别；NA代表未施加人工剂量的自然暴露场景。 暴露施加方式（Exposure_method）：施加重金属的具体方法，例如通过饮食、渗透微泵、注射等。 检测的污染物种类（Pollutant_measured）：检测体内浓度的重金属种类，NA代表未开展体内浓度检测。 浓度检测基质（Concentration_measured_in）：重金属浓度检测的生物基质，例如血液、羽毛、脑组织等。 污染物平均实测浓度（Pollutant_measured_mean_concentration）：污染物的平均实测浓度，单位与原始文献一致。多值对应多个组别或采样时间点。 行为/认知终点（Behaviour_endpoint）：评估的行为或认知终点指标。 量化变量（Variable_measured）：用于量化行为或认知终点的具体变量。 主要研究结果（Main_result）：研究主要发现的简要描述。 效应方向（Effect_direction）：观测到的效应方向，包括正向、负向或无效应。 效应显著性（Effect_significance）：基于0.05显著性阈值的观测效应统计学显著性，其中S=显著，NS=不显著，AS=接近显著。 补充说明（Comments）：与研究或数据提取相关的额外备注、阐释或说明。