Continuous snow depth, ground interface temperature and shallow soil temperature measurements from 2021-10-1 to 2022-6-14, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

The dataset contains co-located snow depth, ground interface temperature, and shallow soil temperature measured at 98 discrete locations in a watershed located along the Nome-Teller road at mile marker 27 (referred to as T27), and at 53 discrete locations on a hillslope located along the Kougarok road at mile marker 64 (referred to as K64), in Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The dataset aims to understand the local heterogeneity of snow depth, snow temperature, and soil temperature dynamics and their interactions in a discontinuous permafrost region. The dataset is also valuable to train and evaluate machine learning and physical models to predict snow depth or the impact of snow depth on ground surface temperature. At each location, temperatures above and below the ground surface were measured by a pair of vertically deployed distributed temperature profiling probes designed based on Dafflon et al (2022). The probes have high precision temperature sensors spaced at 5 or 10 cm. The mean daily snow depth was estimated by identifying the pair of consecutive sensors with maximum drop of daily temperature high-frequency fluctuations. The ground interface temperature was measured by the sensor located 1-5 cm above the ground surface at 15-minute intervals. The shallow soil temperature was measured by the sensor located 1-5 cm below the ground surface at 15-minute intervals. The dataset includes a description of the probe locations in the "Probe_locations_*.csv" file and the 3 data files (Snow_depths_*.csv, Ground_interface_temperatures_*.csv, Shallow_soil_temperatures_*.csv). * is either T27 or K64, which are the two study sites. In each data file, each column corresponds to a measurement location. Metadata files include data descriptions (_dd.csv) for tabular data. All included files are listed and described in xxxx_flmd.csv. Please note that this dataset is a subset of a larger dataset that will be archived at a later time. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

本数据集包含共定位的雪深、地面界面温度和浅层土壤温度数据，这些数据采集于阿拉斯加苏厄德半岛的两个地点：其一为诺姆-泰勒公路27英里标记处（简称T27）流域内的98个离散位置，其二为库加罗克公路64英里标记处（简称K64）山坡上的53个离散位置。该数据集旨在理解不连续多年冻土区雪深、雪温和土壤温度动态的局部异质性及其相互作用；此外，该数据集对于训练和评估机器学习（machine learning）及物理模型以预测雪深或雪深对地表温度的影响具有重要价值。每个位置的地表上下温度由一对垂直部署的分布式温度剖面探针（distributed temperature profiling probes）测量，该探针基于Dafflon等人（2022）的设计。探针配备高精度温度传感器，间隔为5或10厘米。日均雪深通过识别日均温度高频波动降幅最大的连续传感器对来估算。地面界面温度由位于地表以上1-5厘米处的传感器以15分钟间隔测量；浅层土壤温度由位于地表以下1-5厘米处的传感器以15分钟间隔测量。数据集包含"Probe_locations_*.csv"文件中的探针位置描述，以及3个数据文件（Snow_depths_*.csv、Ground_interface_temperatures_*.csv、Shallow_soil_temperatures_*.csv）；*代表T27或K64这两个研究地点。每个数据文件中，每列对应一个测量位置。元数据文件包含表格数据的描述文件（_dd.csv）；所有包含的文件均在xxxx_flmd.csv中列出并描述。请注意，本数据集是一个更大数据集的子集，该更大数据集将在后续存档。下一代生态系统实验：北极（NGEE Arctic）是一项研究计划，旨在通过建立对富碳北极生态系统及其气候反馈的预测性理解，减少地球系统模型（Earth System Models）中的不确定性。NGEE Arctic由美国能源部生物与环境研究办公室资助。NGEE Arctic项目有两个野外研究地点：1）位于阿拉斯加乌特恰维克（巴罗）附近的巴罗环境观测站（BEO）和北坡的北极多边形冻土带沿海地区；2）阿拉斯加诺姆以北苏厄德半岛不连续多年冻土区的多个区域。通过观测、实验以及与现有数据集的综合分析，NGEE Arctic为多尺度建模提供了增强的知识库，并助力改进美国能源部地球系统模型（能源百亿亿次地球系统模型，E3SM）中全球泛北极尺度的过程表征，尤其是在E3SM陆地模型组件（ELM）中。