The regional heterogeneity of wind power deployment: an empirical investigation of land-use policies in Germany and Sweden

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the impacts of land-use policies on wind power deployment at the regional levels in Germany and Sweden. We use data for the period 2008–2012, and an econometric approach in which the probability of having any wind power capacity additions and the actual level of increased capacity, given that it is positive, are permitted to be determined by different processes. The results confirm the importance of land-use policies, e.g., priority and exclusion areas, and interesting differences across the two countries are found. The impact of priority areas has been more profound in Germany, while the assignment of protected areas instead has constituted a more binding policy tool in Sweden. Cross-country differences in the relevance of various explanatory variables are linked to factors such as geographical patterns, design of wind power support schemes, and the allocation of decision-making power in planning processes.

本研究旨在分析并对比德国与瑞典两国区域层面土地利用政策对风电部署的影响。本研究采用2008-2012年的面板数据，运用计量经济学方法，将风电新增装机的发生概率与仅当新增装机为正时的实际新增装机规模设定为由两类不同过程共同决定。研究结果证实了土地利用政策（如优先开发区与禁建区）的重要性，并发现两国间存在显著的差异化特征。优先开发区政策对德国风电部署的影响更为深远，而瑞典则更依赖保护区划定这一约束性更强的政策工具。两国间各类解释变量的关联程度差异，可归因于地理格局、风电支持政策框架设计以及规划决策权限分配等多重因素。