Time dependent interaction modification generated from plant-soil feedback

Pairwise interactions between species can be modified by other community
members, leading to emergent dynamics contingent on community composition.
Despite the prevalence of such higher-order interactions, little is known
about how they are linked to the timing and order of species’ arrival. We
generate population dynamics from a mechanistic plant-soil feedback model,
then apply a general theoretical framework to show that the modification
of a pairwise interaction by a third plant depends on its germination
phenology. These time-dependent interaction modifications emerge from
concurrent changes in plant and microbe populations and are strengthened
by higher overlap between plants’ associated microbiomes. The interaction
between this overlap and the specificity of microbiomes further determines
plant coexistence. Our framework is widely applicable to mechanisms in
other systems from which similar time-dependent interaction modifications
can emerge, highlighting the need to integrate temporal shifts of species
interactions to predict the emergent dynamics of natural communities.

物种间的两两相互作用可被群落中其他成员修饰，从而产生依赖于群落组成的涌现动态。尽管此类高阶相互作用（higher-order interactions）普遍存在，但人们对其如何与物种到达的时间和顺序相关联知之甚少。我们通过机械论的植物-土壤反馈模型（plant-soil feedback model）生成种群动态，随后应用通用理论框架证明，第三种植物对两两相互作用的修饰依赖于其萌发物候（germination phenology）。这些时间依赖性的相互作用修饰源于植物和微生物种群的同步变化，并因植物相关微生物组（microbiomes）之间更高的重叠度而增强。这种重叠度与微生物组特异性之间的相互作用进一步决定了植物共存。我们的框架广泛适用于可能产生类似时间依赖性相互作用修饰的其他系统中的机制，凸显了整合物种相互作用的时间变化以预测自然群落涌现动态的必要性。